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A&P 224 > Lecture Exam #3 ch 24 part 2 > Flashcards

Lecture Exam #3 ch 24 part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 digestive roles of the liver? (2) (MD)

A

1) to make and release bile

2) detoxify blood from digestive organs

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2
Q

a small clump of cells that form on the lining of the colon. most are harmless and some develop into colon cancer

A

colon polyps

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3
Q

what do lipids become?

A

glycerol and fatty acids

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4
Q

do the hepatic artery and vein go in the same or different direction and why?

A

same, carries blood from digestive organs to liver

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5
Q

what does the short loop do?

A

feces arrive in rectrum and trigger more peristalsis of colon relaxation of internal anal sphincter

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6
Q

what do proteins become?

A

amino acids

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7
Q

what are the characteristics of propulsion? (3) (SPM)

A

1) swallowing (deglutition)
2) peristalsis
3) mass movements

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8
Q

during monosacccharide (glucose) transport what is symport driven by?

A

a sodium gradient established by a sodium and potassium pump

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9
Q

when bile salts can’t really digest lipids until this process

A

emulsificaton

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10
Q

is bicarbonate basic or acidic?

A

basic

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11
Q

inflammation of the inner lining of the colon.

A

Colitis

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12
Q

during the defecation reflex when is chyme continously dehydrated as it moves through the large intestine until?

A

it reaches the rectum

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13
Q

what is the accepted treatment for a peptic ulcer?

A

antibiotic

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14
Q

what do pancreatic cells make bicarbonate for?

A

to send to the duodenum to neutralize acidic chyme in the duodenum

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15
Q

what 2 regions are the oral cavity divided into?

A

vestibule and oral cavity proper

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16
Q

what job does the pancreatic islets have?

A

endocrine jobs

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17
Q

what does secretin and CCK do for the stomach?

A

makes it work less and makes pancreas and liver dump secretions

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18
Q

contraction of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles and relaxation of the esophageal sphincters to forcefully expel gastric contents

A

vomiting

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19
Q

what does gastrin do to the stomach?

A

makes it work harder

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20
Q

where is sucrase?

A

in the small intestine

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21
Q

where does the oral cavity proper lie?

A

medial to the teeth

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22
Q

can nervous accomidation work for defecation?

A

only once

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23
Q

why do we make HCL?

A

because enzymes only function at certain levels

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24
Q

what are the functions of the digestive system? (8) (IMPMSDAE)

A

1) ingestion
2) mastication
3) propulsion
4) Mixing
5) secretion
6) digestion
7) absorption
8) elimination

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25
Q

what do polysacharides become?

A

monosacharides

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26
Q

during monosaccharie transport how does glucose move out of the intestinal epithelial cells?

A

by facilitated diffusion

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27
Q

what do polymers become?

A

monomers

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28
Q

where does lipase enzymes ONLY work?

A

at the edges

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29
Q

what is another word for vitamins?

A

co-enzymes

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30
Q

what is happening during the cephalic phase?

A

the body is getting ready for food

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31
Q

the action or process of vomiting

A

emesis

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32
Q

why is protein digestion difficult?

A

because proteins are large

33
Q

list the order of the digestive organs (9) (OPESLPSLA)

A

1) oral cavity
2) pharynx
3) esophagus
4) stomach
5) liver
6) pancreas
7) small intestine
8) large intestine
9) anus

34
Q

where is around 20% of ethanol absorbed?

A

in the stomach

35
Q

what is released during the intestinal phase and by what?

A

secretin and choleocystokinin by the duodenum

36
Q

where do lipids go?

A

into the lymph

37
Q

what do you need to absorb?

A

monomers

38
Q

where do monosacharides and polysacharides go?

A

into the blood

39
Q

do carbohydrates digest easily or difficult?

A

easily

40
Q

does the liver filter blood?

A

no

41
Q

taking something apart through the addition of water (need an enzyme)

A

hydrolysis

42
Q

what is released during the cephalic phase and why?

A

a hormone called gastrin to stimulate stomach secretion

43
Q

what does cirrhosis result in? (2) (LI)

A

1) loss of normal liver function

2) interference with blood flow through liver

44
Q

what is the oral cavity lined with/

A

moist stratified squamous epithelium.

45
Q

what can cause diarrhea? (3) (III)

A

1) irritation
2) inflammation
3) infection

46
Q

how many jobs does the liver and pancreas have in digestion?

A

2

47
Q

what is happening during the intestinal phase?

A

food is leaving the stomach

48
Q

charaterized by damage or death of hepatic cells and replacement by connective tissue

A

cirrhosis

49
Q

what is ethanol soluble to?

A

lipids

50
Q

what can you take it your stomach is making too much acid?

A

an antacid (magnesium hyrdoxide) or a protein pump inhibitor

51
Q

what does the long loop do for you?

A

lets you know you have to goto the bathroom

52
Q

intestinal mucosa secretes large amounts of water

A

diarrhea

53
Q

what is happening during the gastric phase?

A

eating

54
Q

what is another name for hydrolysis?

A

digestive catabolism

55
Q

what is released during the gastric phase and why?

A

more gastrin to release more gastric secretions

56
Q

what is cirrhosis a common consequence of?

A

alcoholism

57
Q

what does the vestibule of the oral cavity consist of?

A

the space between the lips or cheeks and the teeth

58
Q

enzymes that perform hydrolysis

A

hydrolases

59
Q

what is the internal anal sphincter made up of?

A

smooth muscle fibers

60
Q

the movement of food from one end of the digestive tract to the other

A

propulsion

61
Q

what are the 2 digestive jobs of the pancreas? (2) (MM)

A

1) make enzymes (amalyse and lipase)

2) make HCO-3 (bicarbonate)

62
Q

what is the external anal sphincter made up of?

A

skeletal muscle fibers

63
Q

if not corrected what can hepatitis cause?

A

loss of liver function and eventually death

64
Q

to take apart

A

lyse

65
Q

is there absorption in other places besides the small intestine?

A

yes but not much

66
Q

what are some things that can be absorbed by the large intestine? (5) (HPSSS)

A

1) H2O
2) potassium
3) sodium
4) some acids
5) some vitamins

67
Q

an uncommon condition in infants that blocks food from entering the small intestine

A

pyloric stenosis

68
Q

what do parietal cells not want and what do they want?

A

they don’t want bicarbonate, they do want hydrogen

69
Q

what does secretin and choleocystokinin (CCK) do?

A

slows down stomach and gets liver and pancreas ready to work

70
Q

what does sucrose use to lyse?

A

water and sucrase

71
Q

what do symptoms of hepatitis include? (6) (NAFCMJ)

A

1) nausea
2) abdominal pain
3) fever
4) chills
5) maliaise
6) jaundice

72
Q

what is the reason we make stomach acid?

A

because of the function of pepsin

73
Q

lesions in the lining of the stomach or duodenum, usually due to the bacterium helicobacter pylori, stress, diet, smoking, alcohol etc.

A

peptic ulcer

74
Q

inflammation of the liver that causes liver cell death and replacement by scar tissue

A

hepatitis

75
Q

chronic reflux more than twice a week in infants or adults

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

76
Q

what else can be absorbed by the stomach lining?

A

a few meds

77
Q

what does parietal cells make the same way RBC’s make bicarbonate?

A

stomach acids

78
Q

what pH does pepsin work at?

A

1.5-2

79
Q

what happens to bile salts during lipid absorption?

A

they stay behind

A&P 224 (25 decks)

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