Lecture Exam #3 ch 24 part 2 Flashcards
what are the 2 digestive roles of the liver? (2) (MD)
1) to make and release bile
2) detoxify blood from digestive organs
a small clump of cells that form on the lining of the colon. most are harmless and some develop into colon cancer
colon polyps
what do lipids become?
glycerol and fatty acids
do the hepatic artery and vein go in the same or different direction and why?
same, carries blood from digestive organs to liver
what does the short loop do?
feces arrive in rectrum and trigger more peristalsis of colon relaxation of internal anal sphincter
what do proteins become?
amino acids
what are the characteristics of propulsion? (3) (SPM)
1) swallowing (deglutition)
2) peristalsis
3) mass movements
during monosacccharide (glucose) transport what is symport driven by?
a sodium gradient established by a sodium and potassium pump
when bile salts can’t really digest lipids until this process
emulsificaton
is bicarbonate basic or acidic?
basic
inflammation of the inner lining of the colon.
Colitis
during the defecation reflex when is chyme continously dehydrated as it moves through the large intestine until?
it reaches the rectum
what is the accepted treatment for a peptic ulcer?
antibiotic
what do pancreatic cells make bicarbonate for?
to send to the duodenum to neutralize acidic chyme in the duodenum
what 2 regions are the oral cavity divided into?
vestibule and oral cavity proper
what job does the pancreatic islets have?
endocrine jobs
what does secretin and CCK do for the stomach?
makes it work less and makes pancreas and liver dump secretions
contraction of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles and relaxation of the esophageal sphincters to forcefully expel gastric contents
vomiting
what does gastrin do to the stomach?
makes it work harder
where is sucrase?
in the small intestine
where does the oral cavity proper lie?
medial to the teeth
can nervous accomidation work for defecation?
only once
why do we make HCL?
because enzymes only function at certain levels
what are the functions of the digestive system? (8) (IMPMSDAE)
1) ingestion
2) mastication
3) propulsion
4) Mixing
5) secretion
6) digestion
7) absorption
8) elimination
what do polysacharides become?
monosacharides
during monosaccharie transport how does glucose move out of the intestinal epithelial cells?
by facilitated diffusion
what do polymers become?
monomers
where does lipase enzymes ONLY work?
at the edges
what is another word for vitamins?
co-enzymes
what is happening during the cephalic phase?
the body is getting ready for food
the action or process of vomiting
emesis
why is protein digestion difficult?
because proteins are large
list the order of the digestive organs (9) (OPESLPSLA)
1) oral cavity
2) pharynx
3) esophagus
4) stomach
5) liver
6) pancreas
7) small intestine
8) large intestine
9) anus
where is around 20% of ethanol absorbed?
in the stomach
what is released during the intestinal phase and by what?
secretin and choleocystokinin by the duodenum
where do lipids go?
into the lymph
what do you need to absorb?
monomers
where do monosacharides and polysacharides go?
into the blood
do carbohydrates digest easily or difficult?
easily
does the liver filter blood?
no
taking something apart through the addition of water (need an enzyme)
hydrolysis
what is released during the cephalic phase and why?
a hormone called gastrin to stimulate stomach secretion
what does cirrhosis result in? (2) (LI)
1) loss of normal liver function
2) interference with blood flow through liver
what is the oral cavity lined with/
moist stratified squamous epithelium.
what can cause diarrhea? (3) (III)
1) irritation
2) inflammation
3) infection
how many jobs does the liver and pancreas have in digestion?
2
what is happening during the intestinal phase?
food is leaving the stomach
charaterized by damage or death of hepatic cells and replacement by connective tissue
cirrhosis
what is ethanol soluble to?
lipids
what can you take it your stomach is making too much acid?
an antacid (magnesium hyrdoxide) or a protein pump inhibitor
what does the long loop do for you?
lets you know you have to goto the bathroom
intestinal mucosa secretes large amounts of water
diarrhea
what is happening during the gastric phase?
eating
what is another name for hydrolysis?
digestive catabolism
what is released during the gastric phase and why?
more gastrin to release more gastric secretions
what is cirrhosis a common consequence of?
alcoholism
what does the vestibule of the oral cavity consist of?
the space between the lips or cheeks and the teeth
enzymes that perform hydrolysis
hydrolases
what is the internal anal sphincter made up of?
smooth muscle fibers
the movement of food from one end of the digestive tract to the other
propulsion
what are the 2 digestive jobs of the pancreas? (2) (MM)
1) make enzymes (amalyse and lipase)
2) make HCO-3 (bicarbonate)
what is the external anal sphincter made up of?
skeletal muscle fibers
if not corrected what can hepatitis cause?
loss of liver function and eventually death
to take apart
lyse
is there absorption in other places besides the small intestine?
yes but not much
what are some things that can be absorbed by the large intestine? (5) (HPSSS)
1) H2O
2) potassium
3) sodium
4) some acids
5) some vitamins
an uncommon condition in infants that blocks food from entering the small intestine
pyloric stenosis
what do parietal cells not want and what do they want?
they don’t want bicarbonate, they do want hydrogen
what does secretin and choleocystokinin (CCK) do?
slows down stomach and gets liver and pancreas ready to work
what does sucrose use to lyse?
water and sucrase
what do symptoms of hepatitis include? (6) (NAFCMJ)
1) nausea
2) abdominal pain
3) fever
4) chills
5) maliaise
6) jaundice
what is the reason we make stomach acid?
because of the function of pepsin
lesions in the lining of the stomach or duodenum, usually due to the bacterium helicobacter pylori, stress, diet, smoking, alcohol etc.
peptic ulcer
inflammation of the liver that causes liver cell death and replacement by scar tissue
hepatitis
chronic reflux more than twice a week in infants or adults
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
what else can be absorbed by the stomach lining?
a few meds
what does parietal cells make the same way RBC’s make bicarbonate?
stomach acids
what pH does pepsin work at?
1.5-2
what happens to bile salts during lipid absorption?
they stay behind
