Lecture Exam #3 ch 24 part 2

Question 1

what are the 2 digestive roles of the liver? (2) (MD)

Answer 1

1) to make and release bile

2) detoxify blood from digestive organs

Question 2

a small clump of cells that form on the lining of the colon. most are harmless and some develop into colon cancer

Answer 2

colon polyps

Question 3

what do lipids become?

Answer 3

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 4

do the hepatic artery and vein go in the same or different direction and why?

Answer 4

same, carries blood from digestive organs to liver

Question 5

what does the short loop do?

Answer 5

feces arrive in rectrum and trigger more peristalsis of colon relaxation of internal anal sphincter

Question 6

what do proteins become?

Answer 6

amino acids

Question 7

what are the characteristics of propulsion? (3) (SPM)

Answer 7

1) swallowing (deglutition)
2) peristalsis
3) mass movements

Question 8

during monosacccharide (glucose) transport what is symport driven by?

Answer 8

a sodium gradient established by a sodium and potassium pump

Question 9

when bile salts can’t really digest lipids until this process

Answer 9

emulsificaton

Question 10

is bicarbonate basic or acidic?

Answer 10

basic

Question 11

inflammation of the inner lining of the colon.

Answer 11

Colitis

Question 12

during the defecation reflex when is chyme continously dehydrated as it moves through the large intestine until?

Answer 12

it reaches the rectum

Question 13

what is the accepted treatment for a peptic ulcer?

Answer 13

antibiotic

Question 14

what do pancreatic cells make bicarbonate for?

Answer 14

to send to the duodenum to neutralize acidic chyme in the duodenum

Question 15

what 2 regions are the oral cavity divided into?

Answer 15

vestibule and oral cavity proper

Question 16

what job does the pancreatic islets have?

Answer 16

endocrine jobs

Question 17

what does secretin and CCK do for the stomach?

Answer 17

makes it work less and makes pancreas and liver dump secretions

Question 18

contraction of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles and relaxation of the esophageal sphincters to forcefully expel gastric contents

Answer 18

vomiting

Question 19

what does gastrin do to the stomach?

Answer 19

makes it work harder

Question 20

where is sucrase?

Answer 20

in the small intestine

Question 21

where does the oral cavity proper lie?

Answer 21

medial to the teeth

Question 22

can nervous accomidation work for defecation?

Answer 22

only once

Question 23

why do we make HCL?

Answer 23

because enzymes only function at certain levels

Question 24

what are the functions of the digestive system? (8) (IMPMSDAE)

Answer 24

1) ingestion
2) mastication
3) propulsion
4) Mixing
5) secretion
6) digestion
7) absorption
8) elimination

Question 25

what do polysacharides become?

Answer 25

monosacharides

Question 26

during monosaccharie transport how does glucose move out of the intestinal epithelial cells?

Answer 26

by facilitated diffusion

Question 27

what do polymers become?

Answer 27

monomers

Question 28

where does lipase enzymes ONLY work?

Answer 28

at the edges

Question 29

what is another word for vitamins?

Answer 29

co-enzymes

Question 30

what is happening during the cephalic phase?

Answer 30

the body is getting ready for food

Question 31

the action or process of vomiting

Answer 31

emesis

Question 32

why is protein digestion difficult?

Answer 32

because proteins are large

Question 33

list the order of the digestive organs (9) (OPESLPSLA)

Answer 33

1) oral cavity 2) pharynx 3) esophagus 4) stomach 5) liver 6) pancreas 7) small intestine 8) large intestine 9) anus

Question 34

where is around 20% of ethanol absorbed?

Answer 34

in the stomach

Question 35

what is released during the intestinal phase and by what?

Answer 35

secretin and choleocystokinin by the duodenum

Question 36

where do lipids go?

Answer 36

into the lymph

Question 37

what do you need to absorb?

Answer 37

monomers

Question 38

where do monosacharides and polysacharides go?

Answer 38

into the blood

Question 39

do carbohydrates digest easily or difficult?

Answer 39

easily

Question 40

does the liver filter blood?

Answer 40

no

Question 41

taking something apart through the addition of water (need an enzyme)

Answer 41

hydrolysis

Question 42

what is released during the cephalic phase and why?

Answer 42

a hormone called gastrin to stimulate stomach secretion

Question 43

what does cirrhosis result in? (2) (LI)

Answer 43

1) loss of normal liver function | 2) interference with blood flow through liver

Question 44

what is the oral cavity lined with/

Answer 44

moist stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 45

what can cause diarrhea? (3) (III)

Answer 45

1) irritation 2) inflammation 3) infection

Question 46

how many jobs does the liver and pancreas have in digestion?

Answer 46

2

Question 47

what is happening during the intestinal phase?

Answer 47

food is leaving the stomach

Question 48

charaterized by damage or death of hepatic cells and replacement by connective tissue

Answer 48

cirrhosis

Question 49

what is ethanol soluble to?

Answer 49

lipids

Question 50

what can you take it your stomach is making too much acid?

Answer 50

an antacid (magnesium hyrdoxide) or a protein pump inhibitor

Question 51

what does the long loop do for you?

Answer 51

lets you know you have to goto the bathroom

Question 52

intestinal mucosa secretes large amounts of water

Answer 52

diarrhea

Question 53

what is happening during the gastric phase?

Answer 53

eating

Question 54

what is another name for hydrolysis?

Answer 54

digestive catabolism

Question 55

what is released during the gastric phase and why?

Answer 55

more gastrin to release more gastric secretions

Question 56

what is cirrhosis a common consequence of?

Answer 56

alcoholism

Question 57

what does the vestibule of the oral cavity consist of?

Answer 57

the space between the lips or cheeks and the teeth

Question 58

enzymes that perform hydrolysis

Answer 58

hydrolases

Question 59

what is the internal anal sphincter made up of?

Answer 59

smooth muscle fibers

Question 60

the movement of food from one end of the digestive tract to the other

Answer 60

propulsion

Question 61

what are the 2 digestive jobs of the pancreas? (2) (MM)

Answer 61

1) make enzymes (amalyse and lipase) | 2) make HCO-3 (bicarbonate)

Question 62

what is the external anal sphincter made up of?

Answer 62

skeletal muscle fibers

Question 63

if not corrected what can hepatitis cause?

Answer 63

loss of liver function and eventually death

Question 64

to take apart

Answer 64

lyse

Question 65

is there absorption in other places besides the small intestine?

Answer 65

yes but not much

Question 66

what are some things that can be absorbed by the large intestine? (5) (HPSSS)

Answer 66

1) H2O 2) potassium 3) sodium 4) some acids 5) some vitamins

Question 67

an uncommon condition in infants that blocks food from entering the small intestine

Answer 67

pyloric stenosis

Question 68

what do parietal cells not want and what do they want?

Answer 68

they don't want bicarbonate, they do want hydrogen

Question 69

what does secretin and choleocystokinin (CCK) do?

Answer 69

slows down stomach and gets liver and pancreas ready to work

Question 70

what does sucrose use to lyse?

Answer 70

water and sucrase

Question 71

what do symptoms of hepatitis include? (6) (NAFCMJ)

Answer 71

1) nausea 2) abdominal pain 3) fever 4) chills 5) maliaise 6) jaundice

Question 72

what is the reason we make stomach acid?

Answer 72

because of the function of pepsin

Question 73

lesions in the lining of the stomach or duodenum, usually due to the bacterium helicobacter pylori, stress, diet, smoking, alcohol etc.

Answer 73

peptic ulcer

Question 74

inflammation of the liver that causes liver cell death and replacement by scar tissue

Answer 74

hepatitis

Question 75

chronic reflux more than twice a week in infants or adults

Answer 75

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Question 76

what else can be absorbed by the stomach lining?

Answer 76

a few meds

Question 77

what does parietal cells make the same way RBC's make bicarbonate?

Answer 77

stomach acids

Question 78

what pH does pepsin work at?

Answer 78

1.5-2

Question 79

what happens to bile salts during lipid absorption?

Answer 79

they stay behind