Lecture Exam #3 ch 24 Flashcards
like grout morter. helps hold tooth into socket with periodontal ligaments
cementum
what are the third molars known as?
wisdom teeth
what does the hard palate NOT contain?
taste buds
what leaves the pyloric sphincter of stomach (added stomach secretions)
chyme
what do parietal cells make?
stomach acid (HCL)
what does the liver and pancreas do for the duodenum?
spits secretions into it
what does mechanical digestion include?
chewing, grinding big pieces of food into little pieces
what is happening during the pharyngeal phase?
moves bolus into esophagus and starts the esophageal phase (standard peristalsis)
oral cavity substrate. carhohydrates
salivary analyse
what is the mucosa made up of?
stratified squamous epithelium
what does the oral and nasal cavity allow?
to chew and breath at the same time
what do endocrine cells make?
hormones
what is true of accessory organs?
they NEVER touch food
what does the muscularis of the stomach have and why?
an extra layer (oblique muscle layer) because it’s wide
what is the last part of the small intestine?
the ileum (last 12 feet)
what do the 3 parts of teeth consist of?
1) enamel
2) dentin
3) cementum
what does Plicae NOT do?
expand and contract
each individual pouch
haustra
what does the smooth muscle in the muscularis layer allow for?
peristalsis
what part of the small intestine does the chyme enter?
the duodenum
what is ingestion?
eating or drinking something
where does chyme go from and to?
from pyloric sphincter tosmall intestine
what is another name for the serous layer, serosa?
visceral peritoneum
what does hills and vallies (plicae) do for the intestinal wall?
increases surface area
after the duodenum what part of the small intestine comes up?
the jujunum (next 8 feet)
how do we maintain body temperature?
by using energy from food
what do you get with you have a loose lower esophageal sphincter?
heart burn
what does the hard palate (bony wall between) create in mastication?
a greater surface area
what are lymphatic nodules made up of?
MALT (mucosa associated lymphatic tissue)
what are the characteristics of the mucosa? (3) (FLM)
1) food touches (innermost)
2) lines lumen of organ
3) modified by organ
how is a bolus made?
with mechanical digestion changing food into a bolus
movement of nutrient molecules through digestive wall into blood or lymph
absorption
what are examples of accessory organs?
1) salivary glands
2) pancreas
3) liver
where do we not have a lot of goblet cells and where do we?
few in stomach, few in sm. intestine and lots in large intestine
what control is the voluntary phase of swallowing under?
skeletal muscle (reason it’s voluntary)
what is the rest of the organ called?
body
what type of surface area does the small intestine have and why?
a large one for absorption
how much can the stomach expand?
up to 1 L
where does a vast majority of digestion occur?
small intestine
how long does food stay in the mucosa?
about 5-10 seconds
3 bands of longitudinal and small muscle fibers
teniae coli
what are the parts of an organ? (4) (FCPB)
1) fundus
2) cardiac region
3) pyloric region
4) body
what are the liver and pancreas accessory to?
the duodenum
what are the 1st mucosal modifications of the stomach?
rugae and gastric pits
digestive tube about 10 inches long
esophagus
what is peristalsis?
how we move food with circular and longitudinal smooth fibers
what are canine teeth for and what do they have?
the deepest roots, for tearing
what diameter does the small intestine appear to have?
1 inch
what is another name for the large intestine?
the colon
what is the ileocecal valve?
exit from the small intestine and entrance into the large intestine
what are the characteristics of the submucosa? (5) (UCGLC)
1 )under mucosa
2) connective tissue
3) glands
4) lymphatic and blood vessels
5) capillaries
what continues to move food through the large intestine?
peristalsis
where does feces leave from?
the anal canal
can you tell gastric gland cells apart?
yes
what is the mesentery?
organs held together by mesenteric sheets in serous layer
folds in organ that allow organ to contract and expand
rugae
what is the specialized mucosa of the stomach made up of?
simple columnar epithelium
what does the 3rd division of the ANS consist of?
the enteric plexus and myenteric plexus
what does chemical digestion include?
breaking chemical bonds by trying to making polymers into monomers
what dose the skeletal muscle on the upper 1/3 of the esophagus allow for?
coughing up a foreign body
what types of digestion are there?
mechanical and chemical
what is the cecum known as?
“dead end”
what is teeth most like than any other tissue?
bone
how long does the pharyngeal phase take?
about a second
below the upper 1/3 of the esophagus what does it contain?
smooth muscle until the anus
what is the first hypothesis for the reason for the appendix?
a vestigeal organ (used to be another cecum)
Can most organism chew and breath at the same time like humans?
no
where is the esophagus?
posterior
what are other words for elimination?
excretion and defication
domed shaped type of organ
fundus
what does accessory organs do?
adds things to food
what is another name for the lower esophageal sphincter?
cardiac sphincter
how long in the largest organ small intestine?
21 feet
what is the only organ to have the very narrow gastric pits?
the stomach
what are digestive organs?
things it passes through. food goes through them
what does the upper 1/3 of the esophagus have?
SOME skeletal muscle
what part of the small intestine is the duodenum?
the 1st 10-12 inches
what does peristalsis move food to?
the stomach
what do we have at all entrances and exits of digestive organs?
sphincters
what does dehydrating chyme do?
it becomes harder to move
where does most stomach burns (ulcers) happen?
in pyloric region
what do we ingest and what do we swallow?
we ingest food and swallow a bolus
where does food ONLY move from the oral cavity to the stomach in?
the esophagus
what does the large intestine do to chyme?
dehydrates it (pulls water out)
tooth cell
odontoblast
where is the larynx and trachea?
anterior
what are incisor teeth for?
cutting
makes up most of tooth. like bone but harder. more mineral, less organic. considered to be non-cellular
dentin
what does the muscularis layer always have?
2 layers of smooth muscle (circular and longitudinal)
what is the 2nd hypothesis for the reason for the appendix
a digested tonsil
how big is the long intestine?
about 5 feet long and about 2.5-3 inches in diamter
where are lymphatic nodules (MALT) located?
between the mucosa and submucosa
what does simple columnar epithelium have?
both kinds of capillaries
pouch on digestive system
cecum
what does the uvula do during the voluntary phase?
helps direct food into the pharynx and leads to the pharyngeal phase (reflex)
what type of cells does the gastric glands contain? (3) (PCE)
1) parietal cells
2) chief cells
3) endocrine cells
which is the most important layer of the digestive tract?
the muscularis
during the voluntary phase what are we swallowing?
a bolus
what is the reason that the large intestine looks pouchy?
teniae coli
finger-like projections
villi
chewing surface. dies when tooth erupts from gum. finite. stays cracked or broken. very hard crystalized calcium phosphate.
enamel
how long does the esophageal phase take?
about a second
what is the function of the oral cavity?
to chew food (mastication) and to swallow food (deglutition)
what are the 4 layers of the digestive track (wall) from inside to out?
1) mucosa (epithelium)
2) submucosa
3) mscularis
4) serosa
what does chief cells make?
pepsinogen (inactive pepsin)
what is the most common form of death?
peritonitis
what happens if the appendix explodes?
bacteria flora and chyme gets out
what does rugae allow for?
expansion of the stomach
what are molar teeth for?
grinding
