Lecture Exam #1 Ch 19 (part 2) Flashcards
1
Q
what factor # is fibrinogen?
A
I
2
Q
who can blood type B donate to?
A
B and AB
3
Q
the injection of oxygenated blood into an athlete before an event in an attempt to enhance athletic performance
A
blood doping
4
Q
what does prostacyclin inhibit?
A
platelet aggregation
5
Q
who can blood type O donate to?
A
O, A, B, AB
6
Q
what can happen with septicemia?
A
release of toxins by bacteria can cause septic shock
7
Q
do we usually use both pathways at the same time?
A
yes
8
Q
what does platelets contain?
A
many granules
9
Q
an abnormal increase in interstitial fluid volume
A
edema
10
Q
what is the extrinsic pathway of clotting stimulated by?
A
thromboplastin, released by damaged tissue
11
Q
what are platelets?
A
cell fragments
12
Q
what type of mechanism are plugs and clots?
A
positive feedback (happens fast)
13
Q
what is the lifespan of platelets?
A
5-9 days
14
Q
who can blood type AB receive blood from?
A
O, A, B, AB
15
Q
what is the functions of monocytes? (2) (PL)
A
1) phagocytic cell in he blood
2) leaves blood and becomes macrophage which phagotyzes bacteria, dead cells, cell fragments and other debris and within tissue.
16
Q
what does septic shock lead to?
A
decreased BP and possibly death
17
Q
where is antithrombin produced by?
A
the liver
18
Q
who can blood type A donate blood to?
A
A and AB
19
Q
clumping of cells
A
agglutination
20
Q
are platelets sticky?
A
no but they can be
21
Q
during clot formation how is fibrin made?
A
from converting innactive fibrinogen
22
Q
spread of microorganisms and their toxins by blood. often the result of a medical procedure such as insertion of an IV tube
A
septicemia (blood poisoning)
23
Q
numerous localized hemorrhages over the surface of the body as a result of decreased platelet function
A
petechiae
24
Q
during clot formation how is thrombin made?
A
by converting prothombinase
25
what antigen does blood type B have?
B
26
what is occurring during platelet aggregation?
platelets sticking to other platelets and form a platelet plug (not same as clot)
27
what does heparin inhibit?
the formation of fibrin (clot formation)
28
who can blood type A receive blood from?
A and O
29
why don't sherpas suffer from hypoxia as much as thos people they guide?
because sherpas lived in high elevation their entire life. the blood has adjusted while the people they guide usually live in low elevation or sea level
30
what does the granules ADP and Thromboxane do?
activate other platelets
31
what do platelets stick to?
collagen and other platelets when activated
32
who can blood type O receive blood from?
O
33
what is the clot formation known as?
cascade
34
what antibody does blood type B have?
anti-A
35
naturally occuring released from mast cells and basophils. clot inhibitor
heparin
36
which is faster the extrinsic pathway or intrinsic
extrinsic
37
what are the 4 types of human blood?
A, B, AB and O
38
what is the function of Eosinophils? (3) (ARN)
1) attacks worm parasites
2) releases chemicals that modulate inflammation
3) negatively impacts airways during asthma attack
39
what does a blood clot do?
traps RBCs, platelets and fluid
40
what do both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways need?
calcium
41
What antigen does blood type A have?
A
42
what factor # is calcium?
IV
43
marker molecules on the surfaces of RBCs
antigens
44
when does collagen get exposed?
when there is a tear in a blood vessel
45
what is factor VIII?
antihemophilic factor (antihemophilic globulin)
46
what does blood clot formation depend on?
a number of clotting factors
47
determines the % of each of the five kinds of WBCs
differential white blood count
48
protein in plasma which bind to antigens
antibodies
49
moving clot
embolus
50
how do platelets get activated?
when collagen is exposed and they stick to it
51
what does a blood clot consist of?
fibrin
52
what does activation of the extrinsic or intrinsic pathway result in?
the production of activated factor X
53
who can blood type B receive blood from?
B and O
54
what do many of the proteins need?
vitamin K
55
what happens to old RBCs?
they get broken apart and re-used in the body
56
what factor # is prothrombin?
II
57
how is activated factor X formed in the intrinsic pathway?
from activated factor IX
58
when does the intrinsic pathway of clotting start?
when inactive factor XII (in the blood) is activated by coming into contact with a damaged blood vessel
59
prevents clot formation by binding calcium, making the ions inaccessible for clotting reactions
EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid)
60
during clot formation how is prothrombinase made?
from activated factor X, factor V, phospholipids and calcium
61
what is factor V?
proaccerlerin (labile factor)
62
what is factor XI?
plasma thromboplastin antecedent
63
when does coagulation occur?
when a blood vessel is severely damaged
64
what is occuring during platelet release?
platelet releases chemicals
65
what antigens does blood type O have?
neither A or B
66
what do you need to make blood thinner?
more plasma and less hematocrit
67
what type of homeostasis mechanism is a cascade/
positive feedback
68
cellular oxygen deficiency, may occur if too little oxygen enters the blood
hypoxia
69
what antibody does blood type A have?
Anti-B
70
what granules does platelets contain? (5) (CCATS)
1) clotting factors
2) calcium (clotting factor)
3) ADP
4) Thromboxane
5) serotonin
71
what are the 3 steps of platelet plug formation? (3) (PPP)
1) platelet on adhesion
2) platelet release
3) platelet aggregation
72
if a small amount of Rh+ blood leaks from the fetus to the placenta into the bloodstream of an Rh- mother
HDN (Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn)
73
what antibodies does blood type O have?
both Anti-A and Anti-B
74
what is factor X?
stuart factor (stuart-prower factor)
75
what is the function of neutrophils?
phagocytizes microorganisms and other substances
76
what happens second during fibrinolysis?
plasmin breaks the fibrin molecules
77
a disorder in which RBCs become sickle-shaped
sickle-cell anemia
78
a plasma protein that slowly inactivates thrombin
antithrombin
79
a stationary clot
thrombus
80
what is a person lacking with hemophilia?
one of the clotting factors
81
who can blood type AB donate blood to?
AB
82
what isthe function of lymphocytes? (2) (PC)
1) produces antibodies and other chemicals responsible for destroying microogranisms
2) contributes to allergic reactions, graft rejection, tumor control and regulation of immune system
83
what happens first during fibrinolysis?
inactive plasminogen is converted to the active enzyme plasmin
84
what causes thromboplastin and factor VII to form?
tissue damage
85
what antibody does blood type AB have?
neither anti-A or anti-B
86
a disorder when a person doesn't stop bleeding.
hemophilia
87
what does thromboxane and serotonin do?
cause a vascular spasm
88
what antigen does blood type AB have?
A and B
89
the process that dissolves the blood clot
fibrinolysis
90
what is factor XIII?
fibrin-stabalizing factor
91
during clot formation how is fibrinogen made?
by converting thrombin
92
what does fibirin do?
makes a net or screen and blood cells stick to it
93
no inhibiting formation dissolve normally in your blood as plasminogogen
plasmin
94
protein released from damaged tissue/endothilial cells
prostacyclin
95
what does the common pathway start with?
activated factor X
96
which is slower acting warfarin or heparin?
warfarin
97
why do many olympic runners and athletes live and train in high elevation cities?
the hypoxia stimulates the kidneys to step up the release of EPO which speeds up the CFU-E in red bone marrow
98
in the extrinsic pathway how is thromboplastin/factor VII complex formed?
by thromboplastin (III) and factor VII
99
where does intrinsic pathway take place?
in the blood
100
what is factor IX?
plasma thromboplastin component (Christmas factor)
101
what does the plasmin breaking down into fibrin molecules do during fibrinolysis?
the clot into smaller pieces which are washed away in the blood or phagocytized
102
yellowish staining of the skin and sclerae of the eyes caused by the buildup of bile pigments in the blood and some tissues
jaundice
103
what is occurring during platelet adhesion?
von willebrand factor connects exposed collagen to platelets
104
what is factor VII?
serum prothrombin conversion accelerator (stable factor, proconvertin)
105
in the extrinsic pathway how is activated factor X formed?
from thromboplastin/factor VII complex
106
increases blood volume and BP. blood plasma that has had clotting proteins removed (can't clot)
serum
107
what is factor XII?
hageman factor
108
what happens once platelets are activated?
they release their granules
109
autosomal recessive disease that results in insufficient production of globulin part of hemoglobin
thalassemia
110
what is the function of Basophils? (2) (RR)
1) releases histamine which promotes inflammation
| 2) releases heparin which prevents clot formation
111
when the platelet count is greatly reduced resulting in chronic bleeding through small blood vessels and capillaries
thrombocytopenia
112
where are chemicals of the extrinsic pathway located?
outside the blood
113
an anticoagulant- antagonist to vit K and blocks synthesis of four clotting factors
warfarin
114
what needs to be present to form a clot?
fibrin
