Lecture exam #2 ch. 22 (part 2) Flashcards
what happens after a mast cell is damaged?
it’s activated and releases histamine and leukotrienes
what do the histamines and leukotrienes that are released by the damaged mast cells do?
make capillaries more leaky (vascular permeability)
what does vascular permeability lead to?
the cardinal signs of inflammation
what are the cardinal signs of inflammation? (4) (HRSP)
1) heat
2) redness (hemoglobin)
3) swelling (leaky fluid)
4) pain (nerves)
what do the cardinal signs of inflammation lead to?
fibrogen and heparin leaking out
what is occuring during inflammation in terms of pathogens/
it gets ready as if pathogens are present
if there is no pathogen what happens with inflammation?
the tissue damage stops, we get inflammation but there is nothing to fight
if damage continues during inflammation what happens?
inflammation will be maintained
if the pathogen gets in during inflammation what happens?
neutrophils and macrophages show up
if neutrophils and macrophages win during inflammation what happens?
tissue damage, lymphatic system takes fluid and stops
what happens if the pathogen wins during inflammation?
you die
when blood vessels get leaky what happens?
fibrinogen comes out
what can fibrinogen and heparin do?
build a wall, either kill pathogens or incyst them
what is CRP made by?
the liver
what is CRP made in response to?
inflammatory chemicals
if we have more CRP in blood what does that mean?
we have more inflammation
what is fever caused by?
pyrogens (either self or non-self)
what does fever interfere with?
thermoregulation in hypothalamus (body temp goes up)
is fever good?
yes up until it causes death
what happens when temps are too high?
hydrogen bond breaks and shape of protein changes
when does fever become bad?
when proteins come apart
who can have fever longer children or adults?
children
how is fever good?
it increases metabolism and creates proteins
what are some characteristics of specific immunity? (4) (WSIS)
1) works on specific pathogens
2) systemic (happening everywhere)
3) improves with exposure
4) specific to antigens