Lecture Exam #2 Ch. 23 Flashcards
what liquid is henry’s law referring to that diffusion works in and out of?
blood plasma
what lines the trachea and pharynx?
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
surgical opening of the trachea
trachetomy
with Boyle’s law if pressure goes up what happens to volume?
it goes down
how is human respiration controlled? (8) (HMCHPRTP)
1) higher centers of the brain
2) medullary chemoreceptors
3) carotid and aortic body chemoreceptors
4) Hering-Bruer reflex receptors
5) proprioreceptors in muscles and joints
6) receptors for touch
7) temperature
8) painful stimuli
what is happening with O2 pressure during systemic gas exchange?
O2 pressure is higher in the artery than in the tissue cell
what is the 1st tissue to die from smoking and the 1st tissue to come back when you quit?
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
volume of air still in the respiratory passages and lungs after the most forceful expiration
residual volume
how is CO2 diffusing during systemic gas exchange?
from the tissue to the artery
what is the larynx held in place by?
membranes and/or muscles superior to the hyoid bone
inflammation predominately of the small airways of the respiratory tract
COPD
what happens without normal surfactant?
the tissues surrounding the air sacs stick together after exhalation causing the alveoli to collapse
with Boyle’s law if pressure goes down what happens to volume?
it goes up
what do the hyaline cartilage rings do for the trachea?
keeps it open
less than 1 mm in diameter, given way from the bronchi
bronchioles
why must the larynx remain open?
because it’s a passageway for air between the pharynx and the trachea
viral infection of the respiratory system
influenza
what is happening with the PH and CO2 during medullary chemoreceptors?
low PH and high CO2
what is the compliance of the lungs and thorax?
the volume by which they increase for each unit of change in intraalveolar pressure
rapid, deep breathing, decreases CO2 in blood
hyperventilation
immediately posterior to the nasal cavity
nasopharynx
rapid reproduction of cell in the lung
lung cancer
common opening of both the digestive and respiratory system
pharynx
where does gas exchange occur?
in the pulmonary capillary bed