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BACTERIOLGY > Lecture | Mycobacteria > Flashcards

Lecture | Mycobacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Aerobic, nonmotile, acid alcohol-fast (able to resist decolorization), slightly curved or straight bacilli

A

mycobacteria

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2
Q

M.tuberculosis complex (MTBC)

A
  1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  2. Mycobacterium bovis,
  3. M. bovis Bacille Calmette- Guérin strain [BCG]
  4. Mycobacterium caprae, Mycobacterium
    pinnipedii, Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium microtii, and Mycobacterium canettii
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3
Q

Nontuberculous mycobacteria are classified based on the pigment or known as

A

Runyon’s classification

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4
Q

classified as Slow-growers

A

Photochromagen, Scotochromogen, and Nonchromogen

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5
Q
  1. Battey Bacillus
  2. In AIDS patients
A

MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM COMPLEX

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6
Q

“yellow bacillus,”

A

MYCOBACTERIUM KANSASII

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7
Q

growth requirement for hemoglobin or hemin

A

MYCOBACTERIUM HAEMOPHILUM

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8
Q

Bairnsdale ulcer

A

MYCOBACTERIUM ULCERANS

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9
Q

cultured from hot and cold water taps, hospital hot water generators and storage tanks, and other environmental sources.

A

MYCOBACTERIUM XENOPI

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10
Q

disseminated disease in HIV-infected patients

A

MYCOBACTERIUM GENAVENSE

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11
Q

chronic granulomatous infections involving skin and soft tissue, often called “swimming pool granuloma” or “fish tank granuloma”

A

MYCOBACTERIUM MARINUM

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12
Q

“Tap-water bacillus

A

MYCOBACTERIUM GORDONAE

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13
Q

etiologic agent of leprosy

A

MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE

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14
Q

also called Hansen’s disease

A

MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE

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15
Q

1 Lepra cells (cells that infect)
2 Not culturable;
3 Infects the nerves

A

MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE

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16
Q

Methods for Decontamination and Digestion of Mycobacteria

A
  1. N acetyl-L-cysteine (NALC) and 2-4% NaOH
  2. Trisodium phosphate and benzalkonium
    chloride (ZEPHIRAN)
  3. Dithiothreitol and NaOH
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17
Q

release mycobacteria trap in the mucin or in the cells.

A

digesting agent or 2-4% NaOH

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18
Q
  1. 0.2-0.6 micron in diameter and 1-4 micra in length
  2. Highly resistant to drying (protected from sunlight)
A

MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

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19
Q

mycobacterium tuberculosis Putrifying sputum

A

WEEKS

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20
Q

mycobacterium tuberculosis Dried sputum

A

6-8 months

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21
Q

Droplets of dried sputum in the air

A

8-10 days

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22
Q

mycobacterium tuberculosis exposed to direct sunlight, organism for culture are killed within

A

2 hours

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23
Q

mycobacterium tuberculosis In sputum

A

20-30 hours

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24
Q

Disinfection of sputum

A

24 hours in 5% phenol

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25
Q

Easily killed by moist heat, boiling for 10
minutes, autoclave

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

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26
Q

is the initial infection. The mycobacterium is eradicated by the host cellular immune response or walled off in a granuloma in the lung.

A

Primary tuberculosis

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27
Q

Primary tuberculosis Reactivation of latent infections can occur in immunocompromised individuals and cause

A

secondary tuberculosis.

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28
Q

in mycobacterium tuberculosis, a disseminated infection with multiple organ involvement.

A

Miliary TB

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29
Q

is miliary tuberculosis in the bones or spine

A

Pott’s disease

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30
Q

is used to detect MTB-infected individuals

A

Tuberculin skin test

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31
Q

purified protein derivative (PPD) is what type of antigen

A

MTB antigen.

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32
Q

Tuberculin skin test: positive test

A

hypersensitivity reaction at the injection site within 72 hours

33
Q

Fluorochrome =

A

Auramine & Rhodamine

34
Q

Gene Xpert =

A

new method

35
Q

Cultures of mycobacteria are maintained for

A

8 week

36
Q

Cultures of mycobacteria are Incubated at

A

35°C in the dark in 5%-10%
carbon dioxide

37
Q

Liquid media

A

10 days - Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) agar slant

38
Q

Solid media

A

17 - Middlebrook 7H11 agar

39
Q

standard for Isolating mycobacteria

A

Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) agar slant

40
Q

this agar contains coagulated whole eggs. glycerol, potato flour, and salts.

A

Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) agar slant

41
Q

in Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) agar slant, what is is added to inhibit the growth of contaminating bacteria.

A

Malachite green

42
Q

The disadvantage of this medium is that it becomes hydrolyzed when contaminants do grow on it, and the culture must be discarded.

A

Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) agar slant

43
Q

In what agar does M. tuberculosis colonies appear as cream-colored, dry, and wrinkled.

A

Middlebrook 7H11 agar.

44
Q

In what agar does M. tuberculosis colonies appear as rough, buff-colored colonies that appeared within 3 weeks

A

Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) agar slant

45
Q

widely used medium for the isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of mycobacteria. Although similar to Middlebrook 7H10 agar.

A

Middlebrook 7H11 agar

46
Q

Middlebrook 7H11 agar con- tains casein hydrolysates that improve the recovery of

A

isoni azid-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis

47
Q

M. avium strains on Middlebrook 7H11 agar can be distinguished from other M. avium-complex microorganisms, such as M. intracellulare, by their ability to grow at the temperature

A

45°C

48
Q

M. avium on Lowenstein Jenson agar slant. appears as a

A

a film after 3 to 4 weeks of incubation.

49
Q

on Lowenstein Jenson agar slant, its Colonies are buff-colored , but much smaller than M. tuberculosis

A

M. avium

50
Q

bacteria with smooth colony type can appear as a “sun-spot” with starlike or asteroid margins

A

M. avium

51
Q

bacteria with rough colony has a characteristic “lacy” appearance.

A

M. avium

52
Q

a photochromogen, group I of Runyon’s classification

A

M. kansasii on Middlebrook 7H11 agar

53
Q

classical method for differentiating the mycobacteria

A

M. kansasii

54
Q

A characteristic feature of the photochromogens is their dependence on exposure

A

to light for pigment production

55
Q

colonies of this bacteria have a strong yellow color

A

M. kansasii

56
Q

a positive catalase reaction, reduction of nitrate to nitrite, and rapid hydrolysis of Tween 80, a detergent.

A

M. kansasii

57
Q

on Middlebrook 7H11 agar. This rapid grower can appear on culture media within 2 to 4 days.

A

M. chelonae

58
Q

M. chelonae can be distinguished from M. fortiatum because

A
  1. does not reduce nitrates or assimilate iron
  2. suceptible to polymyxin B and resistant to ciprofloxacin.
59
Q

on chocolate agar it appear as smooth, opaque colonies resembling staphylococci or yeast

A

M. chelonae

60
Q

Examined microscopically, the colonies appear dark and dense with smooth edges and a somewhat lighter center

A

Colony of M. chelonae

61
Q

on Middlebrook 7H11 agar. The rapidly growing, rough colonies are shown after 3 days of incubation.

A

M. fortuitum

62
Q

M. fortuitum can also grow on modified Mac- Conkey agar, without crystal violet, at temperature?

A

37°C

63
Q

M. fortuitum can grow on 7H11 and LJ at temperaure?

A

43°C

64
Q

M. fortuitum can grow in 5% NaCl at temperaure?

A

37°C

65
Q

The rough colonies of M. fortuitum on Löwenstein-Jensen agar are shown growing after how many days of incubation

A

3 days

66
Q

The rough colony of M. fortultum observed microscopically with

A

transmitted light

67
Q

M. gordonae colonies on Middlebrook 7H11 agar.

A

Yellow- orange pigmented colonies

68
Q

This species belong to the Runyon group II scotochromogens, characterized by pigmented colonies in the absence of exposure to light. Colony growth can appear in 3 weeks.

A

M. gordonae

69
Q

M. gordonae colonies on Löwenstein-Jensen agar.

A

Yellow- orange pigmented colonies as well

70
Q

Biochemical Test:
Reagent strip impregnated with substrate cyanogen halide = yellow

A

Niacin accumulation tests

71
Q

Biochemical Test:

  1. Base on the ability to convert ferric ammonium citrate to an iron oxide
  2. Reddish brown or rust colored colonies
A

Iron uptake test

72
Q

Biochemical Test:
1. Growth at 28°C on an egg based medium containing 5% NaCl.
2. All species of Mycobacteria are + except M. chelonae (-)

A

NaCl tolerance test

73
Q

Two classes of catalase test

A

thermolabile and thermostable

74
Q

In M. tuberculosis and M. bovis the enzymatic activity is inhibited at

A

68°C

75
Q

Biochemical Test:

  1. solution of perhydrol 30% and Tween 80 at 10%
  2. height of the column of bubbles can be measured
A

Catalase test

76
Q

Biochemical Test:

  • detected by adding phenolphthalein to the colony/ substrate mixture and observing the formation of a pink color
A

Arylsulfatase test

77
Q

species positive in Arylsulfatase test

A
  1. after three days: M. fortuitum and M. abcesuss
  2. after 2 weeks : M. gastri
78
Q

Biochemical Test:
pyrazinamide is converted into pyrazinoic acid through the action of the pyrazinamidase enzyme

A

Pyrazinamide test

79
Q

Biochemical Test:

  1. measures the presence of a lipase.
  2. Hydrolysis causes a pink color change
A

Tween 80 hydrolysis

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