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BACTERIOLGY > Lecture | Infection control > Flashcards

Lecture | Infection control Flashcards

1
Q

destruction of all forms of life, including bacterial SPORES– all-or-nothing process.

A

Sterilization

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2
Q

selectively eliminating only a predefined scope microorganisms

A

Disinfection

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3
Q

is due to the biochemical composition of microorganisms and various mechanisms that they can use to protect themselves.

A

viability

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4
Q

enumerate types of bacteria from most resistant to least resistant

A

prions, bacterial spores, mycobacteria, non-lipid viruses, fungi, bacteria, and lipid viruses

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5
Q

An organism that is most resistant to the actions of heat, chemicals, and radiation

A

Prions

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6
Q

naked pieces of protein, similar to a virus but without the nucleic acid.

A

Prions

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7
Q

agents that cause a number of degenerative diseases of the nervous system

A

Prions

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8
Q

transmissible spongiform encephalopathy—mad cow disease, Creutzfeldt Jakob disease are caused by

A

Prions

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9
Q

Referred to as the microbial load (bioburden)

A

Number of Organisms

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10
Q

determines the exposure time that is necessary for 99.9% elimination of the microorganisms

A

microbial load/bioburden

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11
Q

Ethanol is a volatile chemical so if its in its absolute form it will

A

evaporate

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12
Q

not preferred as an disinfecting agent

A

ethanol

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13
Q

affects killing activity by inactivating the disinfecting agent.

A

Organic material; blood, mucus, and pus

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14
Q

easily inactivated by organic material

A

Bleach (sodium hypochlorite)

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15
Q

endoscopic instruments are readily damaged by the heat generated in an autoclave. The alternative method is

A

chemical method

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16
Q

contact time of surface disinfection and Instrument soak

A

Surface disinfection - 1 minute
Instrument soak- 20 minutes

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17
Q

temperature of Disinfectants

A

20°C to 22°C

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18
Q

pH of Glutaraldehyde

A

> 7.0

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19
Q

pH of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

A

9.0-10.0

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20
Q

layers of microorganisms that often have a protective material over them that shields them from outside environmental factors

A

biofilm

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21
Q

disinfection level of sporicidal

A

High

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22
Q

disinfection level of Tuberculocidal

A

intermediate

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23
Q

device classification:

materials that invade sterile tissues or enter the vascular system. These materials are most likely to produce infection if contaminated and require sterilization

A

Critical materials

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24
Q

device classification:

come into contact with mucous membranes, they require high-level disinfection agents

A

Semicritical materials

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25
Q

device classification:

require intermediate-level to low-level disinfection before contact with intact skin

A

Noncritical materials

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26
Q

Most common; safest method and Burned to ashes

A

Incineration

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27
Q

Incineration temperature

A

870°C - 980°C

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28
Q

limits the use of incineration

A

toxic air emissions and the presence of heavy metals

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29
Q

Uses AUTOCLAVE

A

moist heat

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30
Q

Moist Heat for media, liquids, & instrument uses a temperature, psi, and exposure time of ?

A

121°C (250 °F) at 15psi for 15 minutes

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31
Q

moist heat temp and time for infectious medical waste

A

132°C for 30-60 minutes

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32
Q

Also called as steam under pressure

A

moist heat

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33
Q

used to sterilize bio hazardous trash and heat-stable objects

A

moist heat

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34
Q

a large pressure cooker

A

autoclave

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35
Q

Use to determine whether sterilization process is effective; serves as a quality control

A

biological indicator

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36
Q

moist heat biological indicator

A

Bacillus steatothermophilus

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37
Q

Tyndallization temp & exposure time

A

100°C for 30 min for 3 consecutiuve days

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38
Q

Alternates heating & incubation

A

Tyndallization

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39
Q

Inspissation temp. & exposure time

A

76-80°C for 2 hours for 3 consecutive days

40
Q

Dry Heat temp & exposure time

A

160-180°C for 1.5 - 3 hours

41
Q

Dry Heat Biologic indicator

A

Bacillus subtilis var. nigar

42
Q

used to sterilize items such as glassware, oil, petrolatum, or powders.

A

Dry Heat

43
Q

method of choice for antibiotic solutions, toxic chemicals, radioisotopes, vaccines, and carbohydrates or for heat sensitive

A

Filtration

44
Q

filtration wherein Liquids: Pulling the solution through a

A

cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate

45
Q

air filtration

A

HEPA filters
(High Efficiency Particulate Air)

46
Q

HEPA filters is for organisms size

A

> 0.3 um

47
Q

used for sterilizing disposables such as plastic syringes, catheters, or gloves before use

A

Ionizing radiation

48
Q

composed of short wavelength and high energy gamma rays

A

Ionizing radiation

49
Q

used in gaseous form for sterilizing heat- sensitive objects

A

Ethylene oxide

50
Q

Ethylene oxide Biological indicator:

A

Bacillus subtilis var. globigii

51
Q

disadvantage of Ethylene oxide

A

explosive

52
Q

450 to 700 mg/L of chamber space at 55°C to 60°C for 2 hours

A

Ethylene oxide

53
Q

chemical disinfection For HEPA filters in BSC

A

Formaldehyde Vapor & Vapor Phase Hydrogen Peroxide

54
Q

Glutaraldehyde is sporicidal in exposure time of

A

3 to 10 hours

55
Q

chemical disinfection for medical equipment such as
bronchoscopes, because it does not corrode
lenses, metal, or rubber.

A

Glutaraldehyde

56
Q

Remains active in the presence of organic
matter

A

Glutaraldehyde

57
Q

use of glutaraldehyde or peracetic acid is
called

A

Cold sterilization

58
Q

Chemicals use to destroy microbial life for shorter period or selective in its action

A

Disinfectants

59
Q

Disinfectants that are used in living tissue (skin)

A

Antiseptics

60
Q

kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis various fungi. they are not sporicidal and have poor activity against nonenveloped viruses

A

Alcohols

61
Q

inactivated by the presence of organic material

A

Sodium hypochlorite, Alcohols, and Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

62
Q

It is not recommended in any form be used as a disinfectant or sterilant on a routine basis.

A

Formaldehydes

63
Q

Iodine can be used as a disinfectant in one of two forms

A

tincture or iodophor

64
Q

tinctures are alcohol and iodine solutions, used mainly as

A

antiseptics.

65
Q

tincture or iodophor are an example of

A

Halogens

66
Q

dilution of disinfectant for Blood spills

A

1:10 dilution of a 5.25% concentration of sodium hypochlorite solution

67
Q

Used as a disinfectant of water

A

Chlorine & Chlorine Compounds

68
Q

usually use as an eyedrop solution

A

Silver nitrate

69
Q

Silver nitrate is an example of

A

Heavy Metals

70
Q

action is mediated through disruption of the cellular membrane, use as skin antiseptics and disinfectants

A

Detergents: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

71
Q

Denatures proteins; disrupt cell membrane

A

Phenolics

72
Q

main use is in the disinfection of hospital, institutional, and household environments. They are also commonly found in germicidal soaps

A

Phenolics

73
Q

Gaseous form use for sterilization of heat-sensitive objects

A

Ethylene oxide

74
Q

Boiling at 100°C for 15 minutes kills

A

vegetative bacteria

75
Q

Pasteurizing kills food pathogens without damaging the nutritional value or flavor at a temperature and exposure time of

A

63°C for 30 minutes or 72°C for 15 seconds

76
Q

form of ultraviolet rays is of long wavelength and low energy

A

Nonionizing radiation

77
Q

drug or chemical that inhibits reproduction of microorganisms, but does not kill necessarily kill them

A

Microbiostatic Agents

78
Q

process that combines dehydration (drying) and freezing; Use for some isolates to preserve for further studies

A

Lyophilization

79
Q

merely slows the growth of most microorganisms; it does not completely inhibit growth

A

Cold/refrigeration

80
Q

sudden increase in the occurrence of a disease

A

Outbreak

81
Q

This step ensures that the rest of the investigation is based on a single definition.

A

Case Definition

82
Q

One needs to be certain that all the suspected cases match the case definition and that there is more than an expected number of cases.

A

Confirm that an outbreak exist

83
Q

Additional suspected cases may be discovered by more detailed investigation or by the new occurrence of cases.

A

Find additional cases

84
Q

gather as much information as possible about the cases with respect to person, place, and time

A

Characterize cases

85
Q

may be constructed to assist in the visualization of the outbreak numbers over time

A

An epidemiologic curve

86
Q

established as a best guess about the likely reservoir, source, and means of transmission. In testing that hypothesis, a control group is established; then the event is compared in the incident and control groups

A

Form a hypothesis

87
Q

Test the hypothesis with control groups and data collected

A

Test the hypothesis

88
Q

evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention

A

Institute control measures

89
Q

Determine whether the implemented activities have an impact on the outbreak.

A

Evaluate

90
Q

Document the investigation and communicate with all involved parties

A

Communicate the findings

91
Q

plays a crucial role in providing investigative support in an outbreak investigation and in the creation of routine surveillance information

A

microbiology laboratory

92
Q

patterns of sensitivity and resistance to antimicrobial agents in bacteria, can often be used in the investigation of an outbreak

A

Antiobiograms

93
Q

analysis of molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, for the detection, identification, and characterization of microorganisms to generate isolate-specific markers to assess epidemiologic relatedness

A

Molecular Epidemiology

94
Q

prevents full contact between objects and agent

A

organic materials; mucus, blood, pus

95
Q

use of both of these disinfectant agent negate the activity of both disinfectant

A

sodium hyphochlorite and quaternary ammonium compound

BACTERIOLGY (14 decks)

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