Lecture | Introduction To Bacteriology Flashcards
1st to use a lens to observe the smallest unit of tissue —> cells
Robert Hooke
Observe and accurately describe microorganisms (bacteria & protozoa) called “animacules”
Anton Van Leeuwokhoek
Father of hand hygiene; hand washing; infection control
Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis
Modern epidemiology
John Snow
Demonstrated that different types of microbes produce different fermentation products
Louis Pasteur
Theory of Spontaneous Generation is by
Anton Van Leeuwonhoek
Disproved theory of spontaneous genesis/Abiogenesis
Louis Pasteur
Pasteurization: heating liquids at the temp and time of
1) 63 - 65 degrees celsius for 30 minutes
2) 73 - 75 degrees Celsius for 15 seconds
A type of sterilization that only kills pathogens
Pasteurization
Developed vaccines : chicken cholera, anthrax and swine erysipelas
Louis Pasteur | Germ theory of disease
Robert Koch discovered what bacterias
B. Anthracis, M. Tuberculosis, & Vibrio cholerae
Robert Koch discovered that B. anthracis produces -?-, capable of resisting adverse conditions
Spores
Developed the methods of fixing, staining, and photographing bacteria, methods of cultivating bacteria on solid media
Robert Koch
Robert Koch Discovered the bacterium that causes tuberculosis
M. Tuberculosis
Robert Koch discovered Vibrio cholerae that causes
Cholera
Koch assistant that 1st proposed the use of agar in culture media
Fanne Eilshemius Hesse
Koch assistant that developed the Petri dish; container used for solid culture
Richard petri
Tyndallisation
John Tyndall
Provided the initial evidence that some microbes in dust/air have very high heat resistance
John Tyndall
Introduce aseptic techniques using physical and chemical agents
Joseph Lister
Developed small pox vaccine
Edward Jenner
Introduced phagocytic theory of immunity
Elie Metchnikoff
Developments of chemotherapy
Paul Ehrlich
Discovered the 1st Alpha drug
Gerhard Domagk
Developed the 1st antibiotic penicillin
Alexander Flemming
Developed Streptomycin
Selman Waksman
Method of classification that combines genotypic, phenotypic, & phylogenetic or evolutionary relationships into a general purpose classification system
Polyphasic Taxonomy
Approach that provides a more detailed but very complex analysis of the current classification system
Polyphasic taxonomic
Domain that Contain the environmental prokaryotes (blue green or cyanobacteria) and the heterotrophic medically relevant bacteria
Bacteria
Domain that are environmental isolates that live in extreme environments such as high salt concentration, jet fuel, or extreme temperatures
Archaea
Domain that is a true nucleus and. contains medically relevant organisms, including fungi and parasites
Eukarya
most basic of the taxonomic groups and defined as a collection of bacterial strains that share common physiologic and genetic features and differ notably from other microbial species.
Species
given to groups below the subspecies level that share specific but relatively minor characteristics.
subspecies = biotype, serotype, or genotype
considered the same species with the same genetic makeup but displays differential physiologic characteristics.
Biotype
naming of microorganisms according to established rules and guidelines set forth in the
International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB) or the Bacteriological Code (BC).
Process by which a microorganism’s key features are delineated
Microbial Identification
organism’s genetic makeup,
Genotypic characteristics
observable characteristics and features that may require extensive analytic procedures to be detected.
Phenotypic characteristics
Growth of microbiota in or on a body site without the production of damage or notable symptoms
Colonization
describe also as mutualism wherein both organisms benefit from each other
Symbiosis
association of 2 organisms living together; organisms are called
symbionts
Relationship where one organism benefits but the other is neither harm nor benefited; no harm
Commensalism
one organism is being harmed and the other benefits
Parasitism
Microorganisms that are commonly found on or in body sites of healthy persons
Indigenous Microbial Biota
types of indigenous microbial biota colonizes for a long time
Resident microbiota
types of indigenous microbial biota that is temporary; come to visit but do not stay
Transient microbiota
Ability of a microbe to produce disease in an individual
Pathogenicity
Are organisms recognized to cause disease in healthy immuno-competent individuals as high percentage all the time
True pathogens
only cause disease when the immune system is compromised
Opportunists
opportunistic batera for patient w/ cystic fribrosis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Harbors the organism but do not present symptoms; only transmit
Carriers
Carrier state that is short-lived or transient
acute
Carrier state that last for months, years, or permanently
chronic
Objects or inanimate objects that are contaminated with the infectious agents
Fomites
Objects or inanimate objects that transmit the disease as a result of contact
Fomites
animal diseases that can infect humans and are transmitted through animal contact
Zoonoses
infection that occurs as the result of medical treatment or procedures
Iatrogenic Infection
relative ability of a microorganism to cause disease or the degree of pathogenicity measured by the numbers of microorganisms necessary to cause infection in the host.
Virulence
Refers to the various mechanism that the organism use to persist in the host and cause disease
Virulence Factors
