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BACTERIOLGY > LECT | ENTEROBACTERIACEAE > Flashcards

LECT | ENTEROBACTERIACEAE Flashcards

1
Q
  • Gram negative bacilli and coccobacilli
  • Oxidase negative
  • Glucose fermenter
  • Reduce nitrate to nitrite
  • Motile at body temperatures
A

Enterobacteriacaea

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2
Q

members of Enterobacteriacaea family produce large, moist, gray colonies on what media

A

nonselective media

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3
Q
  • Gram negative bacilli and coccobacilli
  • Oxidase negative
  • Glucose fermenter
  • Reduce nitrate to nitrite
A

Enterobacteriacaea general characteristics

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4
Q

Enterobacteriaceae reside in

A
  1. gastrointestinal
  2. microbiota if confined to their natural environment (Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia)
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5
Q

Enterobacteriaceae may be divided into two broad categories:

A
  1. opportunistic pathogens
  2. primary pathogens.
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6
Q

often a part of the usual intestinal microbiota of both humans and animals

A

opportunistic pathogens

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7
Q

bacterias under UTI

A
  1. E. coli
  2. Proteus mirabilis
  3. Klebsiella penumoniae
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8
Q

bacterias under PNEUMONIA

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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9
Q

bacterias under BACTEREMIAS

A
  1. E. coli
  2. Proteus mirabilis
  3. Kiebsiella pneumoniae
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10
Q

bacterias under HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS

(Antiobiotic resistant genera)

A
  1. Citrobacter
  2. Enterobacter
  3. Serratia
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11
Q

bacterias under DIARRHEA

A
  1. Shigella spp.
  2. Salmonella spp.
  3. E,coli
    (enterohemorrhagic [Shiga toxin
    producing] enterotoxigenic, enteroinvasive, enteropathogenic, enteroadherent
  4. Yersinia spp.
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12
Q

somatic antigen; — this is a heat- stable antigen located on the cell wall

A

O antigen

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13
Q

flagellar antigen; this is a heat- labile antigen found on the surface of flagella, structures responsible for motility

A

H antigen

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14
Q

capsular antigen; this is a heat- labile polysaccharide found only in certain encapsulated species

A

K antigen

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15
Q

capsular antigen of E coli

A

K1 antigen

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16
Q

capsular antigen of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhi

A

Vi antigen

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17
Q

Leading cause of community acquired urinary tract infections

A

E. coli

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18
Q

Primary marker of E. coli

A

fecal contamination in water quality testing

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19
Q

Major cause of E. coli-associated community- acquired urinary tract infections

A

Major cause of E. coli-associated community- acquired urinary tract infections

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20
Q

E. coli strains that cause UTIs usually originate in the

A

large intestine as resident biota

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21
Q

E. coli strains that cause acute pyelonephritishave been shown to be the

A

dominant resident E. coli in the colon.

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22
Q

primary virulence factor (ability of E. coli to cause UTIs)

A

production of pili

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23
Q

pili allows uropathogenic strains to

A

adhere to epithelial cells and not be washed out with urine flow

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24
Q

other virulence factors contributing to the of uropathogenic E. coli characterized as hemolysins

A

Cytolysins

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25
Q

hemolysins; kill immune effector cells and inhibit phagocytosis and chemotaxis of certain white blood cells.

A

Cytolysins

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26
Q

allows the bacterial cell to chelate iron; free iron is generally unavailable within the host for use by bacteria.

A

Aerobactin

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27
Q
  1. Neonatal meningitis
  2. Test positive for the K1 antigen
A

Meninges/sepsis associated-E coli (MNEC)

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28
Q

Meninges/sepsis associated-E coli (MNEC) spread to the meninges from a blood infection and gain access to the (?), VIA (?)

A

central nervous system | via membrane-bound vacuoles

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29
Q

once Meninges/sepsis associated-E coli (MNEC) is inside the cell, it prevents

A

lysosomal fusion and gain access to the central nervous system.

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30
Q

five major categories of diarrheagenic E. coli:

A
  1. enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)
  2. enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC)
  3. enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC)
  4. enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC)
  5. enteroadherent Escherichia coli (EAEC)
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31
Q
  1. produces a heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and a heat-stable enterotoxin (ST)
  2. associated with cases of traveler’s diarrhea.
A

enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)

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32
Q

mild, watery diarrhea; no blood nor leukocytes and abdominal cramping. usually with no vomiting or fever

A

traveler’s diarrhea

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33
Q
  1. Watery to bloody diarrhea–similar to Shigella
  2. RBC +, WBC+
A

enteroinvasive Escherichia coli

34
Q

EIEC may produce a watery to bloody diarrhea as a result of

A

direct invasion of the epithelial cells of the colon similar to Shigella spp.

35
Q

produce dysentery with direct penetration, invasion, and destruction of the intestinal mucosa.

A

EIEC

35
Q
  1. attachment and effacement lesion in the
    colon.
  2. Prolonged (chronic), non bloody diarrhea;
    vomiting; and fever, typically in infants or children
A

EPEC

35
Q
  1. pediatric diarrhea, foodborne outbreaks, and diarrhea in HIV-infected and AIDS patients
  2. Stool are not bloody and do not contain
    white blood cells
  3. AggR gene
A

EAEC

36
Q

causes stool to contains large amounts of mucus, but apparent blood is not present

A

EPEC

36
Q
  1. Verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC)
  2. Hemorrhagic colitis.
  3. Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) -
    Escherichia coli O157:H7 & 0157:NM (nonmotile)
A

higa toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)

37
Q
  • The classification as aggregative results from the control of virulence genes associated with a global aggregative regulator gene.
  • responsible for cellular adherence
A

AggR

38
Q

bacteria causing Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

A

Escherichia coli O157:H7 & 0157:NM (nonmotile)

39
Q

characterized by a hemolytic anemia and low platelet count, often results in kidney failure and death

A

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

40
Q

component of the lipopolysaccharide of the outer membrane

A

O antigen (156 serotypes)

41
Q

specific flagellin associated with the STEC.

A

H antigen (56 serotypes)

42
Q

carry a heat-labile cytotoxin, which has been isolated from patients who have developed a self- limiting antibiotic associated hemorrhagic colitis.

A

K. oxytoca

43
Q

liver abscesses, pneumonia, septicemia, and urinary tract infections

A

Klebsiella spp

44
Q

community-acquired pyogenic liver abscesses; hypervirulent phenotype(hvKP)

A

K.pneumoniae

45
Q

have the ability to spread in healthy patients because of an intrinsic resistance to serum complement and the bactericidal effects of neutrophils

A

hvKP clinical variants

46
Q

resistant to ampicillin

A

K. pneumoniae

47
Q

demonstrate multiple antibiotic resistance patterns from the acquisition of multidrug-resistant plasmids with enzymes

A

K. pneumoniae

48
Q

K. pneumoniae demonstrate multiple antibiotic resistance patterns from the acquisition of multidrug-resistant plasmids such as:

A
  1. carbapenemase
  2. ephalosporinases
49
Q

containing Klebsiella organisms are increasingly isolated from community-acquired pyogenic liver abscesses worldwide and demonstrate a hypervirulent (hypermucoviscous) phenotype (hvKP).

A

K1 capsular clonal complex (CC23k1)

50
Q

associated with severe pneumonia and bloodstream infections.

A

K1 capsular clonal complex (CC82k1)

51
Q
  1. Visualized in scrapings of lesions stained with Wright or Giemsa stain
  2. Agent of Donovanosis or granuloma inguinale
A

Klebsiella granulomatis

52
Q

Groups of organisms are seen within mononuclear endothelial cells

A

Klebsiella granulomatis

53
Q

his pathognomonic entity is known as a Donovan body

A

Klebsiella granulomatis

54
Q

Klebsiella granulomatis stains as a

A

blue rod with promi nent polar granules, giving rise to a “safety pin” appearance, surrounded by a large, pink capsule.

55
Q
  1. One of the most commonly isolated health care–associated infections
  2. Associated with contaminated medical devices such as respirators and other medical instrumentation
  3. Organisms are also ingested from water, vegetable, and food products
A

Enterobacter spp

56
Q
  1. Dysentery (acute inflammatory colitis & bloody diarrhea characterized by cramps, tenesmus, bloody & mucoid stools)
  2. Shigella sonnei may produce watery diarrhea
A

Shigello spp

57
Q

acute inflammatory colitis & bloody diarrhea characterized by cramps, tenesmus, bloody & mucoid stools

A

Dysentery

58
Q
  1. Infections are associated with consumption of contaminated food such as meat and dairy products
  2. Most infections with H. alvei are identified in patients with severe underlying disease (e.g., malignancies) or after surgery or trauma
A

HAFNIA ALVEI

59
Q
A
59
Q
  1. Often associated with stool specimens from patients with symptoms of diarrhea
A

MORGANELLA SPP.

60
Q
  1. Caused gastroenteritis, most commonly in children
  2. An emerging enteric pathogen associated with food-and water-borne illness
A

Pleasiomonas shigelloides

61
Q

a fresh water inhabitant that is trans mitted to humans by ingestion of contaminated water or by exposure of disrupted skin and mucosal surfaces

A

Plesiomonas shigelloides

61
Q
  1. Often associated with urinary tract infections; however, isolated from wounds and ears.
  2. Associated with diarrhea and sepsis
A

Proteus spp.

62
Q

easily identified by their classic “swarming”
appearance on culture media.

A

Proteus spp.

63
Q
  1. Known for colonization and the cause of pathogenic infection in health care settings
  2. AmpC beta-lactamase
A

Serratia marcescens

64
Q

resistant to ampicillin and first-generation ceph alosporins because of the presence of an inducible, chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamase.

A

Serratia spp.

65
Q
  1. Salmonella serotype typhi: typhoid fever
  2. Salmonella serotype enteritidis: associated with infections acquired from the ingestion of eggs or chicken
A

Salmonella

66
Q

acultative anaerobic, motile, gram-negative rods commonly isolated from the intestines of humans and animals.

A

Salmonella (all serotypes)

67
Q

Serotypes are differentiated based on the characterization of

A
  1. heat-stable O antigen, included in the LPS
    2, heat-labile H antigen flagellar protein
  2. heat-labile Vi antigen, capsular polysaccharide.
68
Q

Typhi associated with a severe disease is called

A

typhoid fever

69
Q

the patient may present with a rash and appear confused

A

typhoid fever

70
Q

The disease is transmitted person-to-person or through contaminated food and water.

A

typhoid fever

71
Q

Diarrhea and vomiting are not associated with

A

typhoid fever.

72
Q
  1. Serotyping is based on the somatic LPS O antigen
  2. Shigellosis –> dysentery with stools that contain blood or mucus
  3. S.dysenteriae 1: most severe form
A

SHIGELLA SPP.

73
Q

produces the most severe forms of illness and may lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

A

S. dysenteriae 1

74
Q
  1. most commonly transmitted by the bite of an infected flea resulting in bubonic plague.
  2. handling infected animals, inhaling infectious droplets, and ingestion of undercooked meat have also resulted in infections.
  3. Human-to-human transmission is possible with the pneumonic (respiratory) form of disease.
A

Y. pestis

75
Q

found in the gastrointestinal tract of swine,
rodents, and dogs

A

Y.enterocolitica

76
Q

found in a variety of wild and domesticated animals including rodents, birds, and rabbits

A

Y. pseudotuberculosis

BACTERIOLGY (14 decks)

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