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BACTERIOLGY > Lecture | Antimicrobial & Resistance > Flashcards

Lecture | Antimicrobial & Resistance Flashcards

1
Q

the capacity to kill or suppress the growth of microorganisms

A

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

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2
Q

Sources of Antibiotics :
1. Streptomyces spp.
2. Bacitracin and polymyxin - Bacillus species

A

Microorganisms (natural)

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3
Q

Sources of Antibiotics : Chloramphenicol

A

Synthetic

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4
Q

Sources of Antibiotics : produced by the fermentation process

A

Semi-synthetic

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5
Q

Sources of Antibiotics : penicillins and cephalosporin

A

Semi-synthetic

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6
Q

Inhibit bacterial growth but generally do not kill the organism

A

Bacteriostatic Agents

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7
Q

kill target organism

A

Bactericidal

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8
Q

Classification of antimicrobial agent : penicillins & cephalosporins

A

β-Lactam antibiotics

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9
Q

Act by binding PBPs (penicillin-binding
proteins)

A

β-Lactam antibiotics

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10
Q

Inhibit cell wall synthesis

A

β-Lactam antibiotics

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11
Q

enzymes anchored in the cell membrane and necessary in the production and maintenance of the peptidoglycan layer

A

PBPs

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12
Q

core of the structure of our beta lactam antibiotics is

A

Beta-lactam ring

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13
Q

Classification of antimicrobial agent : Vancomycin

A

Glycopeptides

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14
Q

Also inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis and Binds to the end of peptidoglycan

A

Glycopeptides

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15
Q

directly binds to the terminal D-Ala of the pentapeptidyl-glycosyl peptidoglycan intermediates

A

Vancomycin

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16
Q

blocks the transpeptidation

A

Glycopeptides/vancomycin

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17
Q

binds to the substrate of the enzyme

A

glycopeptides

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18
Q

drawback of glycopeptide

A

cannot penetrate to the outer membrane of most of gram negatives due to large size

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19
Q

Binds to and disrupts the cell membrane and inserts its hydrophobic tail into the membrane, disrupting the cell membrane and increasing its permeability, which results in cell death

A

Lipopeptide

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20
Q

Daptomycin - gram “?”

A

gram+

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21
Q

Polymyxins - Gram “?”

A

Gram -

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22
Q

are cyclic lipopeptide agents that disrupt bacterial cell membranes.

A

Polymyxins (polymyxin B and colistin)

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23
Q

act as detergents, interacting with phospholipids in the cell membranes to increase permeability.

A

Polymyxins

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24
Q

drawback about polymyxin

A

toxic to human cells

25
Q

simultaneously attack two targets in the same folic acid metabolic pathway

A

Sulfamethoxazole (trimethoprim + sulfonamide)

26
Q

fluoroquinolones target “?” in gram-negative organisms

A

topoisomerases II /DNA gyrase

27
Q

fluoroquinolones target “?” in gram-positive organisms

A

topoisomerase IV

28
Q

potent bactericidal agents and have a broad spectrum of activity

A

fluoroquinolones

29
Q

Ciprofloxacin is under the classification of antimicrobial agent?

A

Quinolones

30
Q

A semisynthetic antibiotics that bind to the enzyme DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and inhibit synthesis of RNA

A

Rifampin

31
Q

Targets DNA transcription and With isoniazid and pyrazinamide for treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Rifamycins

32
Q

Gentamicin, streptomycin, kanamycin are under the classification of antimicrobial agent?

A

Aminoglycosides

33
Q

Inhibit protein synthesis:

binding to protein receptors on the organism’s 30S ribosomal subunit

A

Aminoglycosides

34
Q

requires oxygen for it to be effective

A

Aminoglycosides

35
Q

effective in aerobic gram negative and staphylococcus aereus(gram+), but ineffective against anaerobic bacteria

A

Aminoglycosides

36
Q

bacterial uptake is accomplished by using combination cell wall active antibiotics such as b-lactams /vancomycin

A

Aminoglycosides

37
Q

Doxycycline or minocycline are under the classification of antimicrobial agent?

A

Tetracyclines

38
Q

Inhibit protein synthesis:

interfere with the binding of the tRNA-amino acid complexes to the ribosome

A

Tetracyclines

39
Q

Broad spectrum of activity-bacteriostatic

A

Tetracyclines

40
Q

prevents peptide chain elongation

A

Tetracyclines

41
Q

Neiserria gonorrhoeae, mycoplasma, & spirochetes can be successfully treated with

A

Tetracyclines

42
Q

Inhibit protein synthesis:

drug binding to the 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) on the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit

A

Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin group

43
Q

subsequent disruption of the growing peptide chain by blocking of translocation.

A

Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin group

44
Q

Macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin)

A

Gram positive bacteria, mycoplasmas, treponemes, and rickettsiae

45
Q

Lincosamides (clindamycin and lincomycin)

A

Anaerobic gram-positive bacteria

46
Q

Streptogramins (Quinupristin-dalfopristin)

A

Gram positive and some gram negative organisms

47
Q

Chemical derivatives of erythromycin A and Telithromycin

A

Ketolides

48
Q

Inhibit protein synthesis:

Bind to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome

A

Ketolides

49
Q

key difference between the only currently available ketolide, telithromycin, and the macrolides

A

Telithromycin maintains activity against most macrolide- resistant gram-positive organisms

50
Q

Linezolid and tedizolid is under the classification of antimicrobial agent?

A

Oxazolidinones

51
Q

Inhibit protein synthesis:

blocking the initiation step and translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A site to the P site

A

Oxazolidinones

52
Q

prevent protein synthesis from initiation

A

Oxazolidinones

53
Q

inhibits the addition of amino acids to the growing peptide chain by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit –> inhibiting transpeptidation

A

Chloramphenicol

54
Q

Bone marrow toxicity–> aplastic anemia

A

Chloramphenicol

55
Q

Resistance resulting from the normal genetic, structural, or physiologic state of microorganisms

A

Intrinsic resistance

56
Q

Resistance resulting from altered cellular physiology and structure caused by changes in a microorganism’s genetic makeup

A

Acquired resistance

57
Q

record the result of our antimicrobial susceptibility test to detect resistance patterns in our clinical isolates

A

antimicrobial susceptibility profiles

58
Q

vancomycin are effective against gram negative or positive

A

gram-positive

59
Q

interfere with DNA replicatiin

A

Quinolones

BACTERIOLGY (14 decks)

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