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Anatomy & Physiology 151 > Lecture Exam 3 - Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 3 - Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

_________ - refers to joints

A

Arthro

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2
Q 
\_\_\_\_ = plural     
\_\_\_\_ = singular
A
  • ses

- sis

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3
Q
  • Joint Function -

_________ – immovable joint

A

Synarthrosis

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4
Q
  • Joint Function -

_________ – slightly movable

A

Amphiarthrosis

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5
Q
  • Joint Function -

_________ – freely movable

A

Diarthrosis (or synovial)

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6
Q
  • Joint Structure -

_________ – bones are joined by connective tissue, very little movement allowed

A

Fibrous

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7
Q
  • Joint Structure -

_________ – bones are united by cartilage

A

Cartilaginous

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8
Q
  • Joint Structure -

_________ – bones are separated by a fluid filled cavity

A

Synovial

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9
Q

-Four types of Fibrous Joints-

_________ – seams formed between the bones of the skull

A

Sutures

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10
Q

-Four types of Fibrous Joints-

_________ – two bones fuse and joint line disappears

A

Synostosis

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11
Q

-Four types of Fibrous Joints-

_________ – two bones are joined tightly together by
ligament

A

Syndesmoses

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12
Q

-Four types of Fibrous Joints-

_________ – bond between the periodontal ligament and teeth to hold them in their sockets

A

Gomphoses

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13
Q

-Two types of Cartilaginous Joints-

_________ – connecting material is hyaline cartilage

A

Synchondroses

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14
Q

-Two types of Cartilaginous Joints-

_________ – bones are separated by a pad of cartilage

A

Symphysis

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15
Q

_________ - Allow the most movement and are the most common type of joint

A

Synovial Joints

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16
Q
  • 5 features of Synovial Joints -

_________ – smooth surface at the ends of two bones

A

Articular cartilage

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17
Q
  • 5 features of Synovial Joints -

Articular cartilage:

  • made up of _________ cartilage, but contains more _________
  • Reduces _________ and acts as a shock absorber
  • Compressed when force is applied
A
  • hyaline
  • water
  • friction
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18
Q
  • 5 features of Synovial Joints -

Articular cartilage:

  • made up of hyaline cartilage, but contains more water
  • Reduces friction and acts as a _________
  • _________ when force is applied
A
  • shock absorber

- Compressed

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19
Q
  • 5 features of Synovial Joints -

_________ – space between the bones that contains fluid

A

Joint (synovial) cavity

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20
Q
  • 5 features of Synovial Joints -

_________ – double layer membrane; provides the border of the joint cavity

A

Articular capsule

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21
Q
  • 5 features of Synovial Joints -

Articular capsule:

_________ – continuous with the periosteum of the bones
–Provides _________ for the joint

A
  • Fibrous capsule

- strength

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22
Q
  • 5 features of Synovial Joints -

Articular capsule:

_________ – lines the inside of the fibrous capsule
–Cells secrete _________ fluid

A
  • Synovial membrane

- synovial

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23
Q
  • 5 features of Synovial Joints -

_________ – egg white consistency; found within the joint cavity

A

Synovial fluid

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24
Q
  • 5 features of Synovial Joints -

Synovial fluid - three functions;

-Shock absorption

A

-Nutrient distribution

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25
Q
  • 5 features of Synovial Joints -

Synovial fluid - three functions;

-
-Nutrient distribution
-

A
  • Lubrication

- Shock absorption

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26
Q
  • 5 features of Synovial Joints -

_________ – connect bone to bone and provide strength and reinforcement for the joint

A

Ligaments

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27
Q
  • 5 features of Synovial Joints -

Ligaments:

_________ – ligament is stretched to its limit; some collagen fibers tear

A

Sprain

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28
Q

_________ – called menisci (singular is meniscus)

A

Cartilage pads

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29
Q

_________ - Found between the femur and tibia

A

Cartilage pads

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30
Q

_________ – small mass of adipose

A

Fat pads

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31
Q

_________ - Provide some extra cushioning and fill in empty spaces created when the joint moves

A

Fat pads

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32
Q

_________ – cross over joints

A

Tendons

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33
Q

_________ - Limit movement and provide support

A

Tendons

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34
Q

_________ – fluid filled pockets that contain synovial fluid

A

Bursae

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35
Q

_________ - Reduce friction and act as shock absorbers

A

Bursae

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36
Q

_________ - bursitis

A

Inflammation

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37
Q

Generally, a joint with a lot of _________ is less stable and
joints that are _________ stable allow little movement

A
  • mobility

- very

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38
Q
  • Four factors affect Stability of a Joint -

_________ – provide stability, but not very effective if they’re the only source of support

A

Collagen fibers and ligaments

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39
Q
  • Four factors affect Stability of a Joint -

Shapes of _________ surfaces and _________
–Shoulder vs. hip – acetabulum is very deep compared to the glenoid cavity

A
  • articulating

- menisci

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40
Q
  • Four factors affect Stability of a Joint -

Presence of other _________, muscles, or _________ around the joint

A
  • bones

- fat pads

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41
Q
  • Four factors affect Stability of a Joint -

_________ surrounding the joint
– _________ in any given direction may be encouraged or discouraged

A
  • Tendons

- movement

42
Q

Dislocation – also called _________

A

luxation

43
Q

_________ - Bones are forced out of position – can cause damage to cartilage, ligaments and the joint capsule

A

luxation

44
Q

Putting a joint back in position is called _________

A

reduction

45
Q

_________ – partial dislocation

A

Subluxation

46
Q

_________ joints – two flat surfaces slide along each other, but very little movement occurs

A

Planar

47
Q

_________ joints

Example: intercarpal joints

A

Planar

48
Q

_________ joints – permit movement in one plane

A

Hinge

49
Q

_________ joints –

Example: humerus and ulna

A

Hinge

50
Q

_________ joints – permit rotation only

A

Pivot

51
Q

_________ joints –

Example: atlas and axis

A

Pivot

52
Q

_________ joints – oval articular face sits in a depression on the opposite bone

A

Ellipsoidal or condyloid

53
Q

_________ joints –

Example: metacarpals and phalanges

A

Ellipsoidal or condyloid

54
Q

_________ joints – two bones fit together like a rider in a saddle

A

Saddle

55
Q

_________ joints –

Example: trapezium and first metacarpal

A

Saddle

56
Q

_________ joints – round head of one bone sits in a depression in the other bone

A

Ball and socket

57
Q

_________ joints –

  • Example: shoulder and hip
  • -Most mobile joints
A

Ball and socket

58
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ – two flat surfaces glide along each other

A

Gliding

59
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ -
Example: Carpal bones, tarsal bones, clavicles and sternum

A

Gliding

60
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ reduces the angle between 2 bones

A

Flexion

61
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ -
Examples – bending at the waist, leaning your head forward, bending your arm

A

Flexion

62
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ – increases the angle between 2 bones

A

Extension

63
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ -
Examples – standing upright, bringing head up, straightening arm

A

Extension

64
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ – going beyond anatomical position

A

Hyperextension

65
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ -
Examples – looking at the ceiling, bending wrist back

A

Hyperextension

66
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ – movement away from the midline of the body

A

Abduction

67
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ -
Example – moving arm away from side

A

Abduction

68
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ – movement toward the midline

A

Adduction

69
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ -
Bring arm back to body

A

Adduction

70
Q
  • Types of Movement -

Fingers – spreading apart is _________, bringing together is _________

A
  • abduction

- adduction

71
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ – rotation of limb in a circle

A

Circumduction

72
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ – movement around an axis

A

Rotation

73
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ -
Example – turning the head left or right

A

Rotation

74
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ – turning palm over

A

Pronation

75
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ – palms facing forward; anatomical position

A

Supination

76
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ – toes move up toward leg; dig in your heels

A

Dorsiflexion

77
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ – point toes; stepping on the gas

A

Plantar flexion

78
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ – turning the sole of the foot inward

A

Inversion

79
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ – turning the sole of the foot outward

A

Eversion

80
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ – movement anteriorly – sticking out jaw

A

Protraction

81
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ – movement posteriorly – pulling jaw in

A

Retraction

82
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ – superior movement – shrugging shoulders

A

Elevation

83
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ – inferior movement – open mouth

A

Depression

84
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ – touching thumb to other fingers

A

Opposition

85
Q
  • Types of Movement -

_________ – bending to the side

A

Lateral flexion

86
Q

Three articulations that make up the knee joint:

  • medial condyles
  • _________ condyles
  • Patella and patellar surface of the _________
A
  • lateral

- femur

87
Q

Three articulations that make up the knee joint:

  • _________ condyles
  • lateral condyles
  • _________ and _________ surface of the femur
A
  • medial
  • Patella
  • patellar
88
Q

Three functions of the menisci.:

  • Act as _________
  • Change shape to conform to the shape of the articular surfaces as the femur moves
  • Provide _________ stability
A
  • cushions

- lateral

89
Q

Three functions of the menisci.:

  • Act as cushions
  • Change _________ to conform to the shape of the _________ surfaces as the femur moves
  • Provide lateral stability
A
  • shape

- articular

90
Q

Seven ligaments associated with knee:

_________ – continuation of the tendon of the quadriceps femurs
–Attaches to the tibial tuberosity

A

Patellar ligament

91
Q

Seven ligaments associated with knee:

_________ – extend from the femur to the heads of the tibia and fibula posteriorly

A

Popliteal ligaments (2)

92
Q

Seven ligaments associated with knee:

_________ – attach the intercondylar area of the tibia to the condyles of the femur

A

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

93
Q

Seven ligaments associated with knee:

_________ – stabilize the medial and lateral surfaces of the knee when the leg is extended

A

Tibial (medial) and fibular (lateral) collateral ligaments

94
Q

The _________ is the most mobile and most frequently _________ joint in the body.

A
  • shoulder

- dislocated

95
Q
  • Shoulder _________ – dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint
  • -Usually the result of a blow to the superior surface of the shoulder
A

-separation

96
Q

Shoulder _________ – head of the humerus slips out of the glenoid cavity

A

dislocation

97
Q

  • ## Radius
A
  • Humerus

- Ulna

98
Q

Strongest point of the elbow joint is where the _________ of the humerus and the _________ of the ulna articulate

A

-trochlea-trochlear notch

99
Q

The hip is made up of the head of the _________ and the _________ of the coxal bone

A
  • femur

- acetabulum

100
Q

_________ – usually results from the wear and tear on the joint surfaces

A

Osteoarthritis

101
Q

_________ – inflammation of the joints

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

102
Q

_________ – crystals of uric acid form within the synovial fluid

A

Gouty arthritis

Anatomy & Physiology 151 (22 decks)

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