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Anatomy & Physiology 151 > Lecture Exam 1 - Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 1 - Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

__________ – groups of similar cells that have a common function

A

Tissues

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2
Q

Four basic types of Tissue:

i.
ii. Connective
iii.
iv. Nervous

A
  • Epithelial

- Muscle

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3
Q

Four basic types of Tissue:

i. Epithelial
ii.
iii. Muscle
iv.

A
  • Connective

- Nervous

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4
Q

Examples of Epithelial Tissue:

  • __________
  • Inside of __________
A
  • skin

- kidneys

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5
Q

Examples of Connective Tissue:

  • __________
  • blood
  • __________
A
  • fat

- cartilage

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6
Q

Examples of Muscle Tissue:

  • __________
  • intestines
A

esophagus

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7
Q

Examples of Nervous Tissue:

  • __________
  • spinal cord
  • __________
A
  • brain

- nerves

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8
Q

__________ - Exposed surface that faces the exterior of the body or an internal space (inside of the stomach)

A

Apical surface

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9
Q

Apical surface - Exposed surface that faces the __________ of the body or an internal space (inside of the __________ )

A
  • exterior

- stomach

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10
Q

__________ – attached to tissue underneath

A

Basal surface

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11
Q

a. Basal lamina and reticular lamina – __________ and __________ fibers

A
  • proteins

- collagen

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12
Q

6 Functions of Epithelial tissues:

i.
ii. Absorption
iii. Filtration
iv.
v. Provide sensation
vi. Produce secretions

A
  • Physical protection

- Excretion

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13
Q

6 Functions of Epithelial tissues:

i. Physical protection
ii.
iii. Filtration
iv. Excretion
v.
vi. Produce secretions

A
  • Absorption

- Provide sensation

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14
Q

6 Functions of Epithelial tissues:

i. Physical protection
ii. Absorption
iii.
iv. Excretion
v. Provide sensation
vi.

A
  • Filtration

- Produce secretions

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15
Q

Three types of Intercellular connections:

__________ – two cell membranes are held together by interlocking membrane proteins
-Impermeable – nothing gets through

A

Tight junction

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16
Q

Three types of Intercellular connections:

__________ – two cells are held together by connexons
a. Channel proteins, so they allow movement of substances between cells

A

Gap junction

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17
Q

Three types of Intercellular connections:

__________ – two cells are connected by cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that form a “zipper”

A

Desmosome

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18
Q

Three types of Intercellular connections:

Tight junction – two cell membranes are held together by __________ membrane proteins
- __________ – nothing gets through

A
  • interlocking

- Impermeable

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19
Q

Three types of Intercellular connections:

Gap junction – two cells are held together by __________
a. Channel proteins, so they allow __________ of substances between cells

A
  • connexons

- movement

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20
Q

Three types of Intercellular connections:

Desmosome – two cells are connected by cell __________ molecules (CAMs) that form a “__________”

A
  • adhesion

- zipper

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21
Q

The Three types of Intercellular connections are:

-
-Gap junction
-

A
  • Tight junction

- Desmosome

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22
Q

__________ epithelium – is composed of a single layer

A

Simple

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23
Q

__________ epithelium – consists of 2 or more layers, usually stacked on top of each other

A

Stratified

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24
Q

-3 types of epithelial cells-

__________ cells are very flat

A

Squamous

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25
Q

-3 types of epithelial cells-

__________ cells are box shaped

A

Cuboidal

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26
Q

-3 types of epithelial cells-

__________ cells are tall and more slender

A

Columnar

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27
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium are found in:

  • the __________
  • lining of the mouth
  • the __________
A
  • skin

- esophagus

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28
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium are found in:

  • ducts of the __________
  • the __________
A
  • kidneys

- thyroid gland

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29
Q

Transitional Epithelium are found in:

  • __________
  • urethra
  • __________
A
  • urinary bladder

- ureters

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30
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium are found in:

  • __________
A

respiratory system

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31
Q

__________ glands – release secretions into the interstitial space (space between cells)

A

Endocrine

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32
Q

__________ glands – release secretions onto a surface through a duct

A

Exocrine

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33
Q

Endocrine glands – release secretions into the interstitial space
-Secretions are __________ – travel in the __________ to a target

A
  • hormones

- blood

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34
Q

Exocrine glands – release secretions onto a surface through a duct
- __________ glands, tear glands, and __________ glands

A
  • Sweat

- mammary

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35
Q

Three basic components of Connective Tissue:

i. __________
ii. Extracellular protein fibers
iii. __________

A
  • Specialized cells

- Ground substance

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36
Q

Three basic components of Connective Tissue:

i. Specialized cells
ii.
iii. Ground substance

A

Extracellular protein fibers

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37
Q

Three functions of Connective Tissue:

i.
ii. Protects organs
iii.
iv. Stores energy
v. Transports substances

A
  • Binding and support

- Insulates

38
Q

Three functions of Connective Tissue:

i. Binding and support
ii.
iii. Insulates
iv.
v. Transports substances

A
  • Protects organs

- Stores energy

39
Q

Three functions of Connective Tissue:

i. Binding and support
ii. Protects organs
iii. Insulates
iv. Stores energy
v.

A

-Transports substances

40
Q

-5 classes of Connective Tissue -

__________ – fibers are loosely intertwined, many cells present

A

Loose connective tissue

41
Q

-5 classes of Connective Tissue -

__________ – more fibers and fewer cells than loose

A

Dense connective tissue

42
Q

-5 classes of Connective Tissue -

__________ – dense network of collagen fibers and elastic fibers embedded in ground substance

43
Q

-5 classes of Connective Tissue -

__________ – osteocytes (bone cells) and extracellular matrix

44
Q

-5 classes of Connective Tissue -

__________ – blood and lymph

A

Liquid connective tissue

45
Q
  • Connective Tissue Cells -

__________ – always present
-Secrete proteins that helps hold epithelial cells together and form extracellular fibers

A

Fibroblasts

46
Q
  • Connective Tissue Cells -

__________ – found in cartilage

A

Chondroblasts

47
Q
  • Connective Tissue Cells -

__________ – found in bone

A

Osteoblasts

48
Q
  • Connective Tissue Cells -

__________ – fat cells

A

Adipocytes

49
Q
  • Connective Tissue Cells -

__________ – produce histamine as part of inflammatory response

A

Mast cells

50
Q
  • Connective Tissue Cells -

__________ – “big eater” – part of the immune system that engulf pathogens and damaged cells

A

Macrophages

51
Q
  • 6 types of Connective Tissue Cells -
-
-Chondroblasts
-
-Adipocytes
-Mast cells
-Macrophages
A
  • Fibroblasts

- Osteoblasts

52
Q
  • 6 types of Connective Tissue Cells -
-Fibroblasts
-
-Osteoblasts
-Adipocytes
-
-Macrophages
A
  • Chondroblasts

- Mast cells

53
Q
  • 6 types of Connective Tissue Cells -

-Fibroblasts
-Chondroblasts
-Osteoblasts
-
-Mast cells
-

A
  • Adipocytes

- Macrophages

54
Q

__________ fibers – long and straight

55
Q

__________ fibers – (network)

56
Q

Collagen fibers:

  • __________ fibers wrap around each other like a rope
  • Very flexible, yet literally __________ than steel
A
  • Protein

- stronger

57
Q

Collagen fibers:
__________ – connect muscle to bone
__________ – connect bone to bone

A
  • Tendons

- Ligaments

58
Q

Reticular fibers:

  • Form an __________ framework
  • __________ forces from many different directions
  • Stabilize blood vessels and nerves within an organ
A
  • intertwining

- Resist

59
Q

Reticular fibers:

  • Form an intertwining framework
  • Resist forces from many different directions
  • __________ blood vessels and __________ within an organ
A
  • Stabilize

- nerves

60
Q

__________ Tissues – fill spaces, provide cushioning for organs, support blood vessels, nerves, and epithelial tissue

A

Loose Connective

61
Q
  • 3 types of Loose Connective Tissues -

__________ – very open structure and viscous ground substance

A

Areolar tissue

62
Q
  • 3 types of Loose Connective Tissues -

Areolar tissue:

  1. Acts as a __________ absorber
  2. Forms a layer under the __________
  3. Provides oxygen and nutrients for __________ tissue
A
  • shock
  • skin
  • epithelial
63
Q
  • 3 types of Loose Connective Tissues -

__________ :

  1. Acts as a shock absorber
  2. Forms a layer under the skin
  3. Provides oxygen and nutrients for epithelial tissue
A

Areolar tissue

64
Q
  • 3 types of Loose Connective Tissues -

__________ :

  1. Provides padding, shock absorption, acts as insulation to slow heat loss
  2. Stores energy
  3. White fat – most of fat in an adult
  4. Brown fat – found in infants, provides warmth
A

Adipose (fat)

65
Q
  • 3 types of Loose Connective Tissues -

Adipose (fat):

  1. Provides __________, shock absorption, acts as __________ to slow heat loss
  2. Stores __________
  3. White fat – most of fat in an adult
  4. Brown fat – found in infants, provides warmth
A
  • padding
  • insulation
  • energy
66
Q
  • 3 types of Loose Connective Tissues -

Adipose (fat):

  1. Provides padding, shock absorption, acts as insulation to slow heat loss
  2. Stores energy
  3. __________ fat – most of fat in an adult
  4. Brown fat – found in __________, provides warmth
A
  • White

- infants

67
Q
  • 3 types of Loose Connective Tissues -

__________ :

  1. Provides support for spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow
  2. Filters blood and removes old red blood cells
  3. Filters lymph and removes bacteria
A

Reticular tissue

68
Q
  • 3 types of Loose Connective Tissues -

Reticular tissue:

  1. Provides support for __________, lymph nodes, and __________
  2. Filters blood and removes old red blood cells
  3. Filters lymph and removes bacteria
A
  • spleen

- bone marrow

69
Q
  • 3 types of Loose Connective Tissues -

Reticular tissue:

  1. Provides support for spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow
  2. Filters __________ and removes old red blood cells
  3. Filters lymph and removes __________
A
  • blood

- bacteria

70
Q

3 types of Loose Connective Tissues are:

-
-Adipose
-

A
  • Areolar

- Reticular

71
Q

Dense __________ connective tissue –

collagen fibers are lined up parallel to each other and are packed tightly together

72
Q

Dense regular connective tissue –

collagen fibers are lined up __________ to each other and are packed __________ together

A
  • parallel

- tightly

73
Q

Dense __________ connective tissue –

fibers are close together, but aren’t arranged in a pattern

74
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue –

fibers are close together, but are __________ arranged in a __________

A
  • not

- pattern

75
Q

Dense __________ connective tissue –

Found in Tendons and ligaments

76
Q

Dense __________ connective tissue –

a. Forms a sheath around bone and cartilage (periosteum and perichondrium) [peri = around]
b. Makes up capsules that enclose kidneys, liver, and spleen

77
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue –

  • Forms a sheath around bone and __________
  • Makes up capsules that enclose __________, liver, and __________
A
  • cartilage
  • kidneys
  • spleen
78
Q
  • 3 Types of cartilage -

__________ - (most common)
Found at the junction of the ribs and sternum, trachea, ends of bones that form joints

79
Q
  • 3 Types of cartilage -

Hyaline -
Found at the junction of the __________ and sternum, __________, ends of bones that form joints

A
  • ribs

- trachea

80
Q
  • 3 Types of cartilage -

__________ –
Forms the ear, epiglottis, larynx

81
Q
  • 3 Types of cartilage -

Elastic – (has a lot of elastic fibers)
Forms the __________, epiglottis, __________

A
  • ear

- larynx

82
Q
  • 3 Types of cartilage -

__________ – very little ground substance
-Found in the discs between the vertebrae, between pubic bones in the pelvis and in the menisci of the knee (pads of cartilage between femur and tibia)

A

Fibrocartilage

83
Q
  • 3 Types of cartilage -

Fibrocartilage – very little ground substance
-Found in the discs between the __________, between pubic bones in the __________ and in the menisci of the knee

A
  • vertebrae

- pelvis

84
Q
  • 3 types of Muscle tissue -

__________ muscle – cells (or fibers) can be 1 foot or more in length

  • Proteins are arranged in a repeating pattern, giving it a striped appearance
  • Voluntary
  • Muscle contracts, pulls on bone to produce movement
85
Q
  • 3 types of Muscle tissue -

Skeletal muscle;

  • __________ are arranged in a repeating pattern, giving it a __________ appearance
  • Voluntary
  • Muscle contracts, pulls on bone to produce movement
A
  • Proteins

- striped

86
Q
  • 3 types of Muscle tissue -

Skeletal muscle:

  • Proteins are arranged in a repeating pattern, giving it a striped appearance
  • __________
  • Muscle __________, pulls on __________ to produce movement
A
  • Voluntary
  • contracts
  • bone
87
Q
  • 3 types of Muscle tissue -

__________ muscle – located in the heart

  • Striated
  • Special connections between cells called intercalated discs – bind cells together and allow ions to move between cells
  • Involuntary
88
Q
  • 3 types of Muscle tissue -

Cardiac muscle – located in the heart

  • Striated
  • Special connections between cells called __________ discs – bind cells together and allow ions to move __________ cells
  • Involuntary
A
  • intercalated

- between

89
Q
  • 3 types of Muscle tissue -

Cardiac muscle – located in the heart

  • Striated
  • Special connections between cells called intercalated discs – bind cells together and allow ions to move between cells
  • __________
A

Involuntary

90
Q
  • 3 types of Muscle tissue -

__________ muscle – located in the walls of blood vessels, hollow organs like the bladder, and respiratory, digestive, and reproductive tracts

  • Still has actin and myosin, but no striations
  • Involuntary
91
Q
  • 3 types of Muscle tissue -

Smooth muscle – located in the walls of blood vessels, __________ organs like the bladder, and __________, digestive, and __________ tracts

  • Still has actin and myosin, but no striations
  • Involuntary
A
  • hollow
  • respiratory
  • reproductive
92
Q
  • 3 types of Muscle tissue -

Smooth muscle – located in the walls of blood vessels, hollow organs like the bladder, and respiratory, digestive, and reproductive tracts

  • Still has actin and myosin, but no __________
  • __________
A
  • striations

- Involuntary

Anatomy & Physiology 151 (22 decks)

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