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Nutr-484-Exercise phys > Lecture exam 2 (metabolism up to anaerobic glycolysis) > Flashcards

Lecture exam 2 (metabolism up to anaerobic glycolysis) Flashcards

1
Q

Metabolism as it pertains to exercise

A

how we produce ATP to give energy for activity

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2
Q

Metabolism underlies this

A

all forms of muscle contraction

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3
Q

This must continuously be produced during exercise

A

ATP

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4
Q

This to exercise training change the metabolic process

A

adaptations

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5
Q

exercise training programs are best designed on this

A

metabolic needs of the activity

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6
Q

Knowing the metabolic needs of the activity does this

A

allows us to refine training process

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7
Q

Metabolism =

A

to change

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8
Q

anabolism =

A

to build up, produce ATP

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9
Q

catabolism =

A

to breakdown, breakdown of foodstuffs to produce ATP

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10
Q

Two types of ATP production

A

aerobic and anaerobic

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11
Q

aerobic ATP production

A

producing ATP in situtations where enough O2 in cell

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12
Q

anaerobic ATP production

A

producing ATP W/O O2

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13
Q

Aerobic intensity

A

moderate

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14
Q

Anaerobic intensity

A

greater intensity

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15
Q

anaerobic energy substrates

A

phosphogens (CP, ATP) carbohydrates in form of glucose

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16
Q

aerobic energy substrates

A

carbohydrates, proteins, fats

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17
Q

T/F: most activities are a blend of aerobic and anaerobic

A

T

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18
Q

Long-duration actvivites use primarily this

A

aerobic metabolism

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19
Q

high intensity activities use primarily this

A

anaerbic metabolism

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20
Q

In enchance training mach this to this

A

match the activity (exercise) to desired activity (sport)

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21
Q

ability to recover in between exercise

A

aerobic base

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22
Q

Time course of involvement of metabolic pathways (3)

A

phosphogens to glycolytic to oxidative (fig 3.6 pg 50)

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23
Q

time is important to this

A

power production

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24
Q

Work =

A

F x D

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25
Q

Power =

A

Work / time

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26
Q

the amount of ATP that can be produced

A

capacity

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27
Q

the amount of ATP produced/unit time

A

power

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28
Q

The most to least powerful energy producing systems

A

phosphogen system
anaerobic glycolysis (of carbs)
carbohydrate oxidation (aerobic)
fatty acid oxidation

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29
Q

Time to produce ATP from fastest to slowest

A

phosphogen system
anaerobic glycolysis (of carbs)
carbohydrate oxidation (aerobic)
fatty acid oxidation

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30
Q

Phosphogen system (ATP-PC system) is used at this intensity

A

100% intensity

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31
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis of carbohydrates is used at this intensity

A

powerful enough for 80-90% max intensity

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32
Q

aerobic/anaerobic: carbohydrate oxidation

A

aerobic

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33
Q

carbohydrate oxidation does this in comparison to anaerobic glycolysis

A

produces less energy per unit time

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34
Q

aerobic/anaerobic: fatty acid oxidation

A

aerobic

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35
Q

Time is not important to this aspect of ATP production

A

capacity

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36
Q

total ATP production of a system or total amount of energy available =

A

capacity

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37
Q

Capacity from least to most

A

phosphogen system
anaerobic glycolysis
carbohydrate oxidation
fatty acid oxidation

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38
Q

phosphogen system capacity is limited by

A

PC stores (very low capacity)

39
Q

anaerobic glycolysis capacity is hindered by

A

lactate build up

40
Q

carbohydrate oxidation capacity is limited by

A

glycogen stores

41
Q

fatty acid oxidation capacity is limited by

A

fat stores which are nearly unlimited in their capacity

42
Q

These are nessesary for ATP production

A

Enzymes

43
Q

Why does yeast + glucose form alcohol

A

fermentation

44
Q

vital spirits

A

mystical powers of yeast

45
Q

Enzyme means

A

in yeast

46
Q

all enzymes are this type of structure

A

protein

47
Q

3 primary actions of enzymes

A

catalyses
Not changed in the reaction
use of enzymes does not change the nature of the reaction

48
Q

catalysis

A

speed up reactions

49
Q

This says the enzyme-substrate complex does not involve the entire enzyme

A

lock-and-key method of enzyme-substrate complex

50
Q

Series of AA that catalyze on the protein

A

active site

51
Q

the reason for heating a beaker in the lab (pertaining to enzymes)

A

for reaction to occur the activation energy is required

52
Q

Presence of an enzyme decreases this which is needed for the reaction to occur

A

activation energy

53
Q

effectiveness of the enzyme depends on this

A

the enzyme

54
Q

of molecules reactant converted to product per minute is

A

the turnover rate of an enzyme

55
Q

slowest enzyme in a pathway

A

rate limiting enzyme

56
Q

This affects the concentration of metabolic enzymes

A

exercise

57
Q

In anaerobic glycolysis the rate limiting enzyme is

A

PFK

58
Q

4 factors that effect the turnover rate of an enzyme

A

Temp + pH
[E] + [S]
inhibitor effect of product on enzyme
concentration and availability of coenzymes and cofactors

59
Q

This could move the body into optimal temperature range

A

warm up

60
Q

Temp and pH have this relationship to turnover rate

A

inverted U

61
Q

The range of optimal turnover rate is

A

narrow

62
Q

ability of reaction to be driven to an area of high to lower concentration. or the ability to drive reactants to products

A

law of mass action

63
Q

This increases concentration of enzymes and substrate in the cell

A

chronic exercise

64
Q

T/F: Enzyme characteristics and substrate concentration cannot be modified

A

F

65
Q

Products of exercise do this to enzymes in a pathway

A

inhibit

66
Q

product binds to enzyme in location other than active site and changes the shape of the active site

A

allosteric inhibition

67
Q

allosteric means

A

other site

68
Q

This is an allosteric inhibitor of PFK

A

ATP

69
Q

Metal ion that binds to enzyme and make the active site the proper shape for the reactant

A

cofactor

70
Q

example cofactors

A

Ca++, Mg++, Zn, Cu

71
Q

When the substrate fits better this happens

A

facilitates the production of more product

72
Q

derivatives of vitamins

A

coenzyme

73
Q

Primary function of coenzymes in energy metabolism

A

transport hydrogen in RedOx reaction

74
Q

NAD is a derivative of

A

Niacin (B3)

75
Q

FAD is a derivative of

A

Riboflavin (B2)

76
Q

Co-A is a derivative of

A

panothenic acid (spelling)

77
Q

Co-Q is a derivative of

A

Vitamin E

78
Q

Co-Q is AKA

A

quebicwenone (spelling)

79
Q

this is enhanced by the ability to change TO ratio

A

exercise

80
Q

This is used when demand is too high for aerobic means

A

anaerobic production of ATP

81
Q

The phosphogen system working at max/near max exercise intensity is an example of

A

anaerobic Production of ATP

82
Q

Capacity limited by ATP-PC concentrations

A

ATP-PC system

83
Q

ATP-PC system is good for this long

A

20-30 sec

84
Q

The ATP-PC system only has enough ATP for this

A

a couple seconds of contraction

85
Q

ATP-PC system is used during this type of exercise

A

explosive exercise

86
Q

Step 1 of ATP-PC system

A

ATP is bound to myosin head, myosin ATPase is activated by crossbridge formation, ADP + Pi + energy are produced by the reaction

87
Q

Step 2 of ATP-PC system

A

PC stored in the muscle cell + ADP are acted on by creatine kinase (CK) to form ATP + creatine

88
Q

Step 3 of ATP-PC system

A

2 ADP are acted on by adenylate kinase (AK) to form ATP + AMP

89
Q

This can be converted to ammonia which is a metabolic by-product

A

AMP

90
Q

ammonia build up in the cell leads to this

A

fatigue

91
Q

The only energy we can use for crossbridge formation is from here

A

ATP

92
Q

Which enzyme is faster, (higher turnover rate) CK or myosin ATPase

A

myosin ATPase

93
Q

The first ATP that is attached to the myosin head is used to do this

A

cause the myosin head to swivel when crossbridge formation occurs

Nutr-484-Exercise phys (14 decks)

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