Lecture exam 2 (metabolism up to anaerobic glycolysis) Flashcards
1
Q
Metabolism as it pertains to exercise
A
how we produce ATP to give energy for activity
2
Q
Metabolism underlies this
A
all forms of muscle contraction
3
Q
This must continuously be produced during exercise
A
ATP
4
Q
This to exercise training change the metabolic process
A
adaptations
5
Q
exercise training programs are best designed on this
A
metabolic needs of the activity
6
Q
Knowing the metabolic needs of the activity does this
A
allows us to refine training process
7
Q
Metabolism =
A
to change
8
Q
anabolism =
A
to build up, produce ATP
9
Q
catabolism =
A
to breakdown, breakdown of foodstuffs to produce ATP
10
Q
Two types of ATP production
A
aerobic and anaerobic
11
Q
aerobic ATP production
A
producing ATP in situtations where enough O2 in cell
12
Q
anaerobic ATP production
A
producing ATP W/O O2
13
Q
Aerobic intensity
A
moderate
14
Q
Anaerobic intensity
A
greater intensity
15
Q
anaerobic energy substrates
A
phosphogens (CP, ATP) carbohydrates in form of glucose
16
Q
aerobic energy substrates
A
carbohydrates, proteins, fats
17
Q
T/F: most activities are a blend of aerobic and anaerobic
A
T
18
Q
Long-duration actvivites use primarily this
A
aerobic metabolism
19
Q
high intensity activities use primarily this
A
anaerbic metabolism
20
Q
In enchance training mach this to this
A
match the activity (exercise) to desired activity (sport)
21
Q
ability to recover in between exercise
A
aerobic base
22
Q
Time course of involvement of metabolic pathways (3)
A
phosphogens to glycolytic to oxidative (fig 3.6 pg 50)
23
Q
time is important to this
A
power production
24
Q
Work =
A
F x D
25
Power =
Work / time
26
the amount of ATP that can be produced
capacity
27
the amount of ATP produced/unit time
power
28
The most to least powerful energy producing systems
phosphogen system
anaerobic glycolysis (of carbs)
carbohydrate oxidation (aerobic)
fatty acid oxidation
29
Time to produce ATP from fastest to slowest
phosphogen system
anaerobic glycolysis (of carbs)
carbohydrate oxidation (aerobic)
fatty acid oxidation
30
Phosphogen system (ATP-PC system) is used at this intensity
100% intensity
31
Anaerobic glycolysis of carbohydrates is used at this intensity
powerful enough for 80-90% max intensity
32
aerobic/anaerobic: carbohydrate oxidation
aerobic
33
carbohydrate oxidation does this in comparison to anaerobic glycolysis
produces less energy per unit time
34
aerobic/anaerobic: fatty acid oxidation
aerobic
35
Time is not important to this aspect of ATP production
capacity
36
total ATP production of a system or total amount of energy available =
capacity
37
Capacity from least to most
phosphogen system
anaerobic glycolysis
carbohydrate oxidation
fatty acid oxidation
38
phosphogen system capacity is limited by
PC stores (very low capacity)
39
anaerobic glycolysis capacity is hindered by
lactate build up
40
carbohydrate oxidation capacity is limited by
glycogen stores
41
fatty acid oxidation capacity is limited by
fat stores which are nearly unlimited in their capacity
42
These are nessesary for ATP production
Enzymes
43
Why does yeast + glucose form alcohol
fermentation
44
vital spirits
mystical powers of yeast
45
Enzyme means
in yeast
46
all enzymes are this type of structure
protein
47
3 primary actions of enzymes
catalyses
Not changed in the reaction
use of enzymes does not change the nature of the reaction
48
catalysis
speed up reactions
49
This says the enzyme-substrate complex does not involve the entire enzyme
lock-and-key method of enzyme-substrate complex
50
Series of AA that catalyze on the protein
active site
51
the reason for heating a beaker in the lab (pertaining to enzymes)
for reaction to occur the activation energy is required
52
Presence of an enzyme decreases this which is needed for the reaction to occur
activation energy
53
effectiveness of the enzyme depends on this
the enzyme
54
of molecules reactant converted to product per minute is
the turnover rate of an enzyme
55
slowest enzyme in a pathway
rate limiting enzyme
56
This affects the concentration of metabolic enzymes
exercise
57
In anaerobic glycolysis the rate limiting enzyme is
PFK
58
4 factors that effect the turnover rate of an enzyme
Temp + pH
[E] + [S]
inhibitor effect of product on enzyme
concentration and availability of coenzymes and cofactors
59
This could move the body into optimal temperature range
warm up
60
Temp and pH have this relationship to turnover rate
inverted U
61
The range of optimal turnover rate is
narrow
62
ability of reaction to be driven to an area of high to lower concentration. or the ability to drive reactants to products
law of mass action
63
This increases concentration of enzymes and substrate in the cell
chronic exercise
64
T/F: Enzyme characteristics and substrate concentration cannot be modified
F
65
Products of exercise do this to enzymes in a pathway
inhibit
66
product binds to enzyme in location other than active site and changes the shape of the active site
allosteric inhibition
67
allosteric means
other site
68
This is an allosteric inhibitor of PFK
ATP
69
Metal ion that binds to enzyme and make the active site the proper shape for the reactant
cofactor
70
example cofactors
Ca++, Mg++, Zn, Cu
71
When the substrate fits better this happens
facilitates the production of more product
72
derivatives of vitamins
coenzyme
73
Primary function of coenzymes in energy metabolism
transport hydrogen in RedOx reaction
74
NAD is a derivative of
Niacin (B3)
75
FAD is a derivative of
Riboflavin (B2)
76
Co-A is a derivative of
panothenic acid (spelling)
77
Co-Q is a derivative of
Vitamin E
78
Co-Q is AKA
quebicwenone (spelling)
79
this is enhanced by the ability to change TO ratio
exercise
80
This is used when demand is too high for aerobic means
anaerobic production of ATP
81
The phosphogen system working at max/near max exercise intensity is an example of
anaerobic Production of ATP
82
Capacity limited by ATP-PC concentrations
ATP-PC system
83
ATP-PC system is good for this long
20-30 sec
84
The ATP-PC system only has enough ATP for this
a couple seconds of contraction
85
ATP-PC system is used during this type of exercise
explosive exercise
86
Step 1 of ATP-PC system
ATP is bound to myosin head, myosin ATPase is activated by crossbridge formation, ADP + Pi + energy are produced by the reaction
87
Step 2 of ATP-PC system
PC stored in the muscle cell + ADP are acted on by creatine kinase (CK) to form ATP + creatine
88
Step 3 of ATP-PC system
2 ADP are acted on by adenylate kinase (AK) to form ATP + AMP
89
This can be converted to ammonia which is a metabolic by-product
AMP
90
ammonia build up in the cell leads to this
fatigue
91
The only energy we can use for crossbridge formation is from here
ATP
92
Which enzyme is faster, (higher turnover rate) CK or myosin ATPase
myosin ATPase
93
The first ATP that is attached to the myosin head is used to do this
cause the myosin head to swivel when crossbridge formation occurs
