Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nutr-484-Exercise phys > Lecture Exam 1 (part 2) > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 1 (part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

List the 3 MF types

A

SO-slow twitch oxidative
FOG-Fast twitch oxidative glycolytic
FG-Fast twitch glycolytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Type naming for MFs

A 
Type 1 (SO)
Type 2a (FOG)
Type 2b (FG)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List how muscle fiber types differ (4)

A

Stimulus threshold for contraction
fiber type recruitment patterns
speed of contraction
structural differeneces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lowest stimulus threshold

A

SO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Highest stimulus threshold

A

FOG, FG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fiber type recruitment is not this but this

A

speed related

intensity related

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Low intensity workouts us

A

SO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Max intensity workouts use

A

FOG, FG, SO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

This increases the number of muscle fibers whos threasholds are met

A

increase in intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

most frequently recruited MF

A

SO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Speed of contraction for ST, FT

A

110 ms

50 ms to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

four factors that contribute to speed of contraction

A

level of myosin ATPase
Myosin Isoforms
Development of SR
Troponin/Ca++ binding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Myosin ATPase, these have low lvls, these have high lvls

A

ST

FT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

More ATPase =

A

faster contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

These can be used to determine muscle typing

A

myosin isoforms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

These fibers are not as effiecient in Ca++ release from SR

A

ST fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This affects speed of cycle of myosin/actin binding

A

ST fibers have poor troponin/Ca++ binding affinity in relation to FT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This are generally smaller than these

A

ST fibers

FT fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T/F: FT fibers similar size

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

indurence trained athletes have larger this than this due to specific training

A

ST

FT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

These are important in aerobic/oxidative ATP production

A

mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

This indicates the presence of many mitochondria in the cell

A

Oxidative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

FG don’t have mitochondria

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

4 structural differences in between FT/ST

A

Size
mitochondria concentration
number of capillaries around
glycogen stores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

This fiber types have many capillaries around them

A

SO

FOG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

this is a polymer of glucose, animal carbohydrate

A

glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

These fibers have large glycogen stores, these have smaller

A

FG and FOG

SO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

This fiber type do a good job of using fatty acids to produce energy

A

SO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

difference in fiber innervation

A

smaller neurons innervate ST

Larger neurons innervate FT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

This characteristic of neurons is related to conduction velocity

A

diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Biochemical differences in MF types

A 
myosinATPase concentration
hexokinase
phosphofructokinase
isocytrate dehydrogenase
mitochondrial enzyme activitiy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

these are in higher concentration in glycolytic fibers

A

hexokinase

phosphofructokinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

This compound effects speed of contraction

A

myosin ATPase

34
Q

this puts glucose and glucose 6-phosphate together

A

hexokinase

35
Q

this is the compound responsable for the rate limiting step of glycolysis

A

phosphofructokinase

36
Q

These have more glycolytic enzymes than these

A

FG, FOG

SO

37
Q

All fibers can produce energy in these ways

A

aerobic

anaerobic

38
Q

this is the rate limiting enzyme in krebs cycle

A

isocytrate dehydrogenase

39
Q

SO and FOG have more of these than FG

A

mitochondrial enzymes

40
Q

These fibers are very versital in athletic events

A

FOG

41
Q

these are more fatigue resistant but less powerful

A

oxidative fibers

42
Q

this are generally more powerful/large

A

FT fibers

43
Q

Different muscle in the same individual have this

A

different muscle fibers

44
Q

this of the muscle dictate the general fiber type distribution patterns

A

functional demands

45
Q

designed to determine if neuron dictates fiber type

A

cross innervation studies

46
Q

cross innervation studies proved this

A

neuron dictates fiber type

47
Q

Two hypotheses of how neuron dictates fiber type

A

use/disuse theory

axoplasmic flow theory

48
Q

neuron dictates stimulus threshold for contraction, fiber adapts to demands placed on it are ideas of this theory

A

use/disuse theory

49
Q

unidentified chemical produced in body of LMN flows down the axon of the LMN and is released at the myoneural junction. Chemical tells fiber to take on characteristics of a given muscle fiber type

A

axoplasmic flow theory

50
Q

Fiber type distribution patterns have the same in M/F

A

T

51
Q

this is the ST/FT ratio in the vastas lateralis

A

1:1

52
Q

in an individual the different muscles have different fiber type distribution.

A

T

53
Q

What must we do when we say someone has more ST MF

A

specify the muscle groups

54
Q

extremes in metabolic distribution means

A

substantial differeance in MF distribution patterns in different types of athletes

55
Q

relationship between genotype/phenotype

A

genotype you are born that way

phenotype is the result of exercise training

56
Q

you cant convert from these two MF types, but you can in these types

A

ST to FT
FG to FOG fibers
stop training can turn FOG back to FG

57
Q

Genotype/phenotype and how it relates to athletic performance in these two group types

A

heterogeneous group

homogeneous group

58
Q

genetic predisposition dictates athletic fitness

A

heterogeneous group, lower lvl athletics

59
Q

phenotype predominates (diet,exercise), genotype is prerequisite

A

homogeneous group, highest lvl athletics

60
Q

Factors that effect force production in a muscle (6)

A 
# of fibers in an activiated motor unit
# of activated motor units
size of the muscle fiber
relationship between stimulation and inhibition
speed of movement
frequency of stimulation
61
Q

Which factor of force production does the following represent: some have few, some may have up to 2-3000, more fibers = more force

A

of fibers in an activated motor unit

62
Q

Which factor of force production does the following represent: as intensity increases we overcome the thresholds of more motor units

A

of activated motor units

63
Q

Which factor of force production does the following represent: large MF stronger than small MF

A

size of the muscle fiber

64
Q

Which factor of force production does the following represent: ACh for stimulation, inhibitory neurons at synapse release GABA at UMN and LMN junction.

A

relationship between stimulation and inhibition

65
Q

Which factor of force production does the following represent: as velocity increases torque decreases

A

speed of movement effects force production

66
Q

Which factor of force production does the following represent: firing rate of motor neuron

A

frequency of stimulation effects force production

67
Q

under voluntary conditions we cannot always do this

A

activate all motor units

68
Q

this can cause an increase in force past max exertion

A

electrical stimulation

69
Q

initial strength increase in training is because of this

A

decrease in GABA activity

seen in first 4-5 weeks as strength gains are not associated with size gains

70
Q

relationship between stimulation and inhibition allows us to do this

A

control force with more precision

71
Q

As this increases torque decreases

A

velocity

72
Q

why does a faster movement reduce force

A

ST fibers cannot contract rapidly enough to keep up at high velocity muscle movement. Therefore force production of ST fibers is lost

73
Q

describe the frequency of stimulation effect on force production

A

additive force effect when stimulation reoccurs before resting state

74
Q

these modulate torque (2)

A

recruitment

frequency (rate coding)

75
Q

How does recrutiment modulate torque

A

as weight is increased recruitment of muscle fibers and motor units increases
increased freq. of rate stimulation also affected

76
Q

name of the strategies that are affected by modulation of torque

A

motor unit-activation strategies or motor recruitment strategies

77
Q

Some muscles rely more on this and some on this

A

rate coding

recruitment

78
Q

The more this the finer control of force production

A

rate coding

79
Q

in an arm up to 80-90% of force is produced by this, the last 10-20% of force production capability is this

A

recruitment and frequency

frequency (rate coding)

80
Q

all of these muscle movements have different motor recruitment strategies for that type of force.

A

Isometric
concentric
eccentric

81
Q

changes in the motor recruitment strategy is this when changing between muscle movements

A

instantaneous

82
Q

this does not say will give all available force, only that at stimulus threshold a contraction with occur

A

all or none principle

Nutr-484-Exercise phys (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions