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Nutr-484-Exercise phys > Lecture Exam 1 (part 3) > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 1 (part 3) Flashcards

1
Q

How fatigue affects force production in a muscle (model)

A

task dependency model of fatigue

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2
Q

Task dependency model of fatigue says this

A

what causes fatigue is dependent on the activity in which we are participating

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3
Q

two hypothesis of the task dependency model of fatigue

A

accumulation hypothesis

depletion hypothesis

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4
Q

accumulation hypothesis says this

A

build up of metabolic byproducts cause fatigue

es. lactate, Pi, ammonia

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5
Q

depletion hypothesis says this

A

we run low on NT, or energy substrate and that causes fatigue

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6
Q

This hypothesis is said to come into play in exercises that last 20-30 sec to 2-3 min

A

accumulation hypothesis

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7
Q

by products in the accumulation hypothesis are these

A

substances produced while making ATP

lactate, Pi, ammonia

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8
Q

average exhurtion for the accumulation hypothesis

A

70-80% max

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9
Q

in the accumulation hypothesis ATP mostly comes from here

A

anaerobic glycolysis

carbohydrates are broken down to produce ATP and lactate

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10
Q

Things that ties all the metabolic byproducts together in the accumulation hypothesis

A

build up of materials lowers the intracellular pH

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11
Q

Lactate build up can cause fatigue in this ways (4)

A

Decrease in pH interfers with Ca++ from SR
Bond between Actin/Myosin is not as strong in low pH leading to less force production
Interfers with ATP breakdown due to low pH interfering with ATPase activity
interfers with ATP production, acidic pH interfers with rate of enzyme activity in glycolysis

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12
Q

How Pi can cause fatigue (4)

A

Pi build up interfers with actin/myosin affinity
Pi interfers with Ca++ release from SR
Troponin-Ca++ binding affinity inhibitied
Interfers with Ca++ reuptake

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13
Q

Where does Pi come from

A

ATP breakdown produces ADP + Pi + energy

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14
Q

How Ammonia can cause fatigue

A

Reduces AP propagation along the sacrolema

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15
Q

Where does ammonia come from

A

ADP builds up during exercise
ADP + AK -> ATP + AMP
AMP acted on by AMP deaminase
AMP + AMPdeaminase -> IMP + Ammonia

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16
Q

THis is the largest factor affecting fatigue in the accumulation hypothesis

A

change in pH

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17
Q

T/F: all of the accumulated substrates work together to cause fatigue

A

T

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18
Q

How to modify acid/base chemistry to reduce fatigue

A

Sodium bicarb loading

exercise training

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19
Q

how does sodium bicarb loading affect acid/base chemistry

A

increases proformance by acting as additional blood buffer

increases the bloods ability to buffer the acidic byproducts of metabolism

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20
Q

how does exercise training affect acid/base chemistry

A

causes physiological shift to tolerate the added acidic stress placed on the body during training

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21
Q

Two branches of depletion hypothesis

A

neural fatigue

energy substrate depletion

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22
Q

caused by a total depletion of ACh at NMJ end bulbs

A

neural fatigue

23
Q

after enough constant contraction this will occur in a lab setting

A

neural fatigue

24
Q

depletion of the fuels used to produce ATP is an example of this

A

energy substrate depletion

25
Q

Fuels that can in theory be depleted

A

phosphogens
carbohydrates
proteins
fats

26
Q

We cannot exercise enough to deplete these in energy substrate depletion

A

proteins

fats

27
Q

Phosphogen depletion describes the depeletion of

A

ATP and creatine phosphate

28
Q

These are used as the primary energy substrate for high intensity exercise

A

ATP and creatine phosphate

29
Q

How much activity do we have (time) with initial ATP resting stores

A

2-4 seconds

30
Q

where is ATP stored in the muscle

A

bound to myosin head

31
Q

T/F: ATP in the muscle can be fully depleted

A

F, but can reach a level low enough where it is not available for muscle contraction

32
Q

This energy substrate is stored in the cell and starts recharging process of ATP

A

phosphocreatine

33
Q

The stores of this in the muslce are the limiting factor of the duration of high intensity exercise

A

phosphocreatine

also ATP to a lesser degree

34
Q

depeletion of PC and ATp causes this

A

fatigue

35
Q

At max/near max exertion fatigue is caused by this

A

depletion theory (ATP, CP)

36
Q

at approx. 80% exertion, fatigue is caused by this

A

accumulation theory

37
Q

At lower exertion lvls fatigue is caused by this

A

depletion theory (glycogen)

38
Q

Benefit of enhancing PC stores increases this

A

duration of max intensity

39
Q

Two ways to increase PC stores in the body

A

high intensity exercise training

suppliment w/creatine

40
Q

this is the best form of supplimental creatine

A

creatine monohydrate

41
Q

directions on creatine loading

A

20g/day for 5-7 days
4-5g, 5-4x/day
3-5g/day after load
also works at lower dose over longer period

42
Q

this percent of what we eat has PC

A

50-70%

43
Q

this AA combine to form creatine naturally

A

Gly
Arg
Met

44
Q

If PEG creatine you can do this

A

take half as much

45
Q

Some negative side effects of creatine may include

A

increase cramping or damage to organs

how scientific evidence to prove negative side effects

46
Q

Supplimentation of creatine does this

A

increases anaerobic exercise in repeated bouts

increase bone and muscle mass

47
Q

Mid intensity long term exercise causes fatigue thorugh this

A

glycogen depletion

48
Q

glycogen

A

polymer of glucose stored in muscle

49
Q

glycogen is primarily used as

A

an aerobic breakdown of carbs in endurance exercise

50
Q

This term is used when glycogen stores run out

A

hitting the wall

51
Q

this much energy is stored as glycogen in SM, and this much kcal will get you 1 mile

A

2000 kcal

100 kcal

52
Q

this can increase glycogen stores

A

aerobic training

glycogen super compensation

53
Q

after glycogen is used up you use this for energy

A

aerobically burn FA

Nutr-484-Exercise phys (14 decks)

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