Lab Test 1 (lab 1) Flashcards

1
Q

This is often used to evaluate performance

A

muscle strength

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2
Q

Strength

A

the amount of force or tension a muscle or muscle groups can exert against a resistance in one maximal effort

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3
Q

Reasons to test strength 4

A

predict performance
implement a training program
measurement of rehabilitation
identify a muscle imbalance

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4
Q

Two reason to predict performance

A

comparison to normal values

use certain tests to estimate fiber type composition

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5
Q

reason to test strength to implement a training program

A

periodization

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6
Q

two reasons to get a measurement of rehabilitation 2

A

post-trauma (surgery) muscle strength decreases: atrophy

stages of recovery based upon the muscle’s ability to produce force

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7
Q

Identifying a muscle imbalance is done doing this

A

agonist vs antagonist ratios

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8
Q

one reason to identify a muscle imbalance

A

comparison to norms

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9
Q

muscle imbalance: knee extension and knee flexion

A

quads/hamstring ratio

hamstring/quads ratio

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10
Q

hamstrings are typically this percent as strong as the quads

A

65-75%

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11
Q

The strength difference in the hams vs the quads is due to

A

size of two muscle groups

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12
Q

Ideal ratio hams vs quads

A

65%

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13
Q

Hamstrings should be at least this % as strong as quads to prevent injury

A

58%

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14
Q

3 ways to measure muscle strength

A

Isometric
Isotonic
Isokinetic

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15
Q

A contraction (or muscle action) with tension, but there is no change in external muscle length. AKA static contraction (or muscle action)

A

Isometric

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16
Q

A muscular contraction (or muscle action) in which a muscle shortens with varying tension while overcoming or lifting a constant resistance through the ROM (range of motion)

A

Isotonic

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17
Q

Maximal tension (force or torque) developed in all joint angles throughout the full ROM. Speed (or velocity) is constant (regardless of how much force is produced, the speed stays the same). There is accommodating resistance at a controlled speed of movement.

A

Isokinetic

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18
Q

THis measure of muscular strength uses an accommodating resistance at a controlled speed of movement

A

isokinetic

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19
Q

4 advantages to isometric testing

A

inexpensive (not much equipment needed)
time efficient
useful in rehabilitative settings
most facilities/people can do it

20
Q

4 disadvantages to isometric training

A

joint angle specific
does not reflect increase in strength across an entire ROM
strength values do not relate to a dynamic moment
there is no mathematical work done

21
Q

4 advantages to isotonic testing

A

better than an isometric muscle action
related to performance/athletics
psychological aspect of seeing the bar or stack move
relatively inexpensive

22
Q

3 disavantages to isotonic testing

A

measures the weakest point in the ROM
unable to measure strength at any controlled speed
trial-and-error method to attain max

23
Q

DCER

A

dynamic constant external resistance

24
Q

3 advantages of isokinetic testing

A

measures strength/force/torque at different joint angles
1-500 x s^-1
they are fancy

25
2 disadvantages of isokinetic testing
expensive (>= $45000) | must know how to operate an isokinetic dynomometer (cant be computer illiterate)
26
3 ways to express strength results
absolute terms relative terms strength / lean body weight
27
A limited value in expression of strength results
absolute terms
28
This is a strength-to-weight ratio. A relative value also allows for comparison between individuals
relative terms
29
provides information regarding strength per unit of muscle mass
strength/lean body weight (LBW)
30
2 points on absolute strength results
cannot compare different people with absolute strength or power values units of foot pounds or newton meters
31
formula for relative strength results
strength value (ft.lbs) / BW (lbs) = relative strength ratio
32
converting ft.lbs to Nm
Strength value (ft.lbs) x 1.3588 = strength value in Nm
33
Relative strength terms do this
takes into account variables
34
Strength / lean body weight allows for this
gender comparisons
35
The cybex II can be used to measure this
concentric flexion and extension for the lower and upper body
36
The cybex II cannot be used to measure this
eccentric movements
37
Isokinetic strength testing can measure peak force production at these joint angles.
various
38
Isotonic strength testing can measure peak force here
at the weakest point in the range of motion
39
This type of strength testing cannot measure the maximal force which can be produced by a muscle and speed of contraction cannot be predetermined
Isotonic
40
Torque vs # of reps
negative slope
41
torque vs ROM
Upside down U shaped slope
42
Torque vs velocity
negative slope
43
Torque vs time
Negative slope sprinters have a faster drop off Long distance runners have a slower drop off
44
Peak strength relative to body weight =
Initial peak torque (ft.lbs) over weight (kg)
45
% decline =
(initial peak torque - final peak torque) / initial peak torque all X 100%
46
% fast twitch =
% decline - 5.2 all over 0.9