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Nutr-484-Exercise phys > Lecture exam 2 (Anaerobic glycolysis) > Flashcards

Lecture exam 2 (Anaerobic glycolysis) Flashcards

1
Q

What is anaerobic glycolysis

A

breakdown of sugar (glucose) with out oxygen in environment (oxygen can be present0

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2
Q

where does glucose come from for anaerobic glycolysis

A

blood circulation and glycogen stored in the muscle

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3
Q

anaerobic glycolysis is the primary energy form in activities that last this long

A

20-30 sec to 2-3 min

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4
Q

intermediate =

A

reactant or product in a metabolic pathway

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5
Q

first and last intermediate of anaerobic glycolysis in an anaerobic environment

A

glucose

lactate

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6
Q

glucose in the blood comes from here

A

glycogen stores in the liver

foods we eat

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7
Q

ATP produced in anaerobic glycolysis is used for this

A

crossbridge recharging

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8
Q

step 1: How does glucose get into the cell

A

glucose enters cell facilitated by the pancreatic hormone insulin

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9
Q

step 1:When glucose enters the cell this immediately happens, and results in

A

glucose is phosphorylated by HK (hexokinase)

glucose-6-phosphate

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10
Q

step 1: What are two important points of this step when glucose come from outside the cell

A

costs 1 ATP to initially phosphorylate glucose

once phosphorylated the 6 carbons are restricted to the cell

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11
Q

step 1: Glucose can come from glycogen in the cell that has been acted on by this enzyme

A

phosphorylase

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12
Q

step 1: what are two important points of this step when glucose come from inside the cell

A

does not require atp when substrate is glucose

once phosphorylated the 6 carbons are restricted to the cell

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13
Q

step 1: final intermediate

A

glucose-6-phosphate

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14
Q

step 2: what happens (isomerase)

A

glucose-6-phosphate is acted on by an isomerase to produce fructose-6-phosphate

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15
Q

step 3: what happens (PFK)

A

fructose-6-phosphate is acted on by PFK (phosphofructokinase) to produce fructose-1,6-bisphosphate + ADP

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16
Q

Step 3: Two important aspects of this step

A

This step uses 1 ATP

PFK is the rate limiting step of glycolysis (lowest urnover rate in the pathway)

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17
Q

NAD is a derivative of this vitamin

A

B3

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18
Q

step 4: what happens (Aldolase)

A

fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is acted on by the enzyme aldolase to produce 2, 3 carbon compounds

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19
Q

step 4: what are the 2, 3 carbon compound intermediates of this step

A

DHAP (dihydroxyacetone phosphate)

G-3-P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)

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20
Q

step 4: this is acted on by this to produce a second molecule of this

A

DHAP is converted by an isomerase to produce a second molecule of G-3-P

21
Q

Step 5: what happens (G3PDH)

A

G-3-P is acted on by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase to produce 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and NADH+H+

22
Q

step 5: this type of reaction occurs at this step

A

oxidation-reduction reaction

23
Q

oxidation-reduction is this type of reaction

A

coupled reaction

24
Q

When something is reduced you do this

A

add H+

25
Q

When something is oxidized you do this

A

remove H+

26
Q

step 5: G-3-P is oxidized or reduced in this reaction

A

gives up 2 hydrogen and is thus oxidized

27
Q

step 5: NAD is oxidized or reduced in this reaction

A

gains hydrogen and is reduced to NADH+H+

28
Q

Easy way to remember names of enzymes in redox reactions

A

name of the reactant + dehydrogenase

29
Q

step 6: what happens (PGK)

A

1-3, bisphosphoglycerate acted on by PGK (phosphoglycerate kinase) to produce 3-phosphoglycerate + ATP (from ADP)

30
Q

gross

A

gained

31
Q

net

A

gained - used

32
Q

step 7: what happens (mutase)

A

3-phosphoglycerate acted on by a mutase to produce 2-phosphoglycerate

33
Q

step 8: what happens (enolase)

A

2-phosphoglycerate acted on by enolase to produce phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

34
Q

Step 9: what happens (PK)

A

PEP acted on by PK (pyruvate kinase) to produce pyruvate and ATP from ADP

35
Q

Net ATP from 1 glucose (blood) makes this much ATP

A

2

36
Q

Gross ATP from 1 glucose (blood) makes

A

4

37
Q

Step 10a: what happens (LDH)

A

anaerobic cellular environment, pyruvate is reduced to form lactate by the enzyme LDH (lactate dehydrogenase)

38
Q

Step 10a: what happens to NADH+H+ (LDH)

A

NADH+H+ is oxidized to NAD

39
Q

Where does glycolysis occur in the cell

A

sarcoplasma

40
Q

Step 10b: what happens (AT)

A

pyruvate is converted to alanine by alanine transaminase

41
Q

Step 10b: why does the cell form alanine

A

alanine can leave the cell and is deaminated in the liver. It can now reform glucose in the liver and re-enter circulation

42
Q

Glucose-alanine-glucose cycle

A

glucose can be used in cell, converted to alanine, which can then be converted back to glucose

43
Q

What is the draw back of the glucose-alanine-glucose cycle

A

pyruvate converted to alanine cannot be converted to lactate which inhibits ATP production

44
Q

How much lactate or alanine is produced is dependent on this

A

law of mass action

45
Q

T/F: exercise has no effect on alanine transaminase concentration

A

F, exercise increases

46
Q

Step 10c: pyruvate can be converted to acetyl-CoA with this enzyme

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

47
Q

Step 10c: When pyruvate is acted on by PDH to make acetyl-CoA these two things are formed

A

NAD is reduced two NADH+H+

CO2 is released

48
Q

Step 10d: pyruvate can be converted to oxaloacetate by this enzyme

A

Pyruvate carboxylase

49
Q

Step 10d: when pyruvate is acted on by PC to form oxaloacetate these two things occur

A

ADP from ATP

CO2 is picked up

Nutr-484-Exercise phys (14 decks)

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