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Nutr-484-Exercise phys > Lecture exam 2 (Aerobic metabolism) > Flashcards

Lecture exam 2 (Aerobic metabolism) Flashcards

1
Q

pyruvate enters the mitochondria of the cell for this

A

aerobic metabolism

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2
Q

aerobic demands are less than

A

80% max intensity

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3
Q

T/F: body perfers aerobic oxidative metabolism

A

T

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4
Q

This must be in sufficient concentration to have pyruvate enter the mitochondria

A

O2

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5
Q

during aerobic metabolism you use this to produce this

A

O2

CO2

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6
Q

acetic acid is an example of a

A

2 carbon acid

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7
Q

acetyl-CoA =

A

acetic acid + coenzyme A

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8
Q

484-884 rule

A

when we calculate ATP production we assum all pyruvate is coverted to acetyl CoA and none goes to oxaloacetate (directly)

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9
Q

These are the intermediate steps between glycolysis and kerbs cycle

A

PDH

PC

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10
Q

This always proceeds aerobic metabolism

A

anaerobic metabolism

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11
Q

T/F: aerobic metabolism occurs inside the sarcoplasm

A

F, mitochondria

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12
Q

Kreb’s cycle goes from here to here

A

citrate to citrate

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13
Q

2 other names for kreb’s cycle

A

citric acid cycle

tricarboxylic acid cycle

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14
Q

aerobic pathways is only used in presence of this

A

O2

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15
Q

Citrate is formed by the combination of these to intermediates by this enzyme

A

Acetyl-CoA
Oxaloacetate
Citrate synthase

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16
Q

Citrate has this many carbons

A

6

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17
Q

After citrate is reacted with aconatase this is prduced

A

isocitrate

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18
Q

isocitrate is converted to this by this enzyme

A 
alpha-ketogluterate
isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)
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19
Q

This is the rate limiting enzyme of krebs cycle

A

isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)

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20
Q

AKG has this many carbons

A

5

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21
Q

What happens during the IDH step other than conversion

A

NAD is reduced to NADH+H+

CO2 is released

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22
Q

This enzyme has the lowest turnover ratio in krebs cycle

A

IDH

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23
Q

Alpha-ketogluterate is converted to this by this

A

succinyl coenzyme A

alpha-ketogluterate dehydrogenase

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24
Q

succinyl coA has this man carbons

A

4

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25
Q

what happens during the AKGDH step other than coversion

A

NAD is reduced to NADH+H+

CO2 is released

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26
Q

Succinyl CoA is converted to this by this

A

succinate

succinyl coenzyme A synthetase

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27
Q

what happens during the succinyl coenzyme A synthetase step other than conversion

A

1 ATP is produced

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28
Q

Succinate is converted to this by this

A 
fumerate
succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)
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29
Q

What is a functional use for SDH concentration

A

Muscle typing, oxidative muscles have more

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30
Q

what happens during the SDH step other than conversion

A

FAD is reduced to FADH2

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31
Q

fumerate is converted to this by this

A 
malate
unnamed enzyme (don't need to know)
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32
Q

malate is converted to this by this

A 
oxaloacetate
malate dehydrogenase (MDH)
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33
Q

what happens durin the MDH step other than conversion

A

NAD is reduced to NADH+H+

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34
Q

These are all the 4 carbon compounds in krebs

A

Malate
Fumerate
Succinate
succinyl CoA

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35
Q

From glycolysis to the end of krebs cycle 1 molecule of blood glucose will net

A

4 ATP
10 NADH+H+
2 FADH2

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36
Q

From pyruvate two end of krebs cycle will net

A

1 ATP
4 NADH+H+
1 FADH2

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37
Q

From acetyl-CoA to end of krebs cycle will net

A

1 ATP
3 NADH+H+
1 FADH2

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38
Q

T/F: electron transport system is anaerobic

A

F, aerobic

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39
Q

the ETS is this type of phosporylation

A

oxidative

40
Q

This is another way to describe the electron transport chain

A

hydrogen transport system

41
Q

The passage of electrons/hydrogen are all examples of this type of reaction

A

oxidation reduction

42
Q

ETS: First electron acceptor

A

flavoprotein

43
Q

flavoprotein is made by this substance

A

Vit. B2 or riboflavin

44
Q

NADH+H+ enters the ETS at this stage

A

flavoprotein

45
Q

Flavoprotein reduces

A

Coenzyme Q

46
Q

FADH2 enters the ETS at this stage

A

Coenzyme Q

47
Q

Coenzyme Q is a derivative of

A

Vit E

48
Q

Coenzyme Q reduces

A

cytochrome b

49
Q

cytochrome b reduces

A

cytochrome C

50
Q

Cytochrome C reduces

A

cytochrome a

51
Q

cytochrome a reduces

A

cytochrome asub3

52
Q

1/2 O2 is reduced to H2O at the end of this step

A

cytochrome a to cytocrome asub3

53
Q

ATP is produced at these steps of the ETS

A

flavoprotein to coenzyme Q
cytochrome b to cytochrome c
cytochrome a to cytochrome asub3

54
Q

Theoretical yield model of the ETS is

A

3 ATP from the whole system

55
Q

Oxidation of NADH+H+ in the ETS generates this much ATP

A

3

56
Q

Oxidation of FADH2 in the ETS generates this much ATP

A

2

57
Q

These are iron containing molecules similar to hemo/myo-globin

A

cytochromes

58
Q

Oxygen is called this

A

the final election acceptor

59
Q

the more oxygen consumed increases this

A

ATP production over time

60
Q

Each molecule of blood glucose converted to CO2 and H2O produces a net of this much ATP

A

38 ATP

61
Q

4 feedback systems associated with carb metabolism

A

pasteur effect
high concentrations of ATP inhibit citrate synthase
end of exercise high concentrations of ATP inhibits G3PDH
LDH, PK, PFK are inhibitied by increase in ATP concentraion

62
Q

kreb’s cycle processes are inhibited by a lack of oxidated NAD, that causes the cellular concentrations of ATP to go down with a concomitant increase in cellular concentration of ADP. And ADP stimulates PFK

A

Pasteur effect

63
Q

This is a stop gap procedure

A

pasteur effect

64
Q

define stop gap procedure

A

doesn’t cure, but help us get through (delay) effects of a problem

65
Q

Pasteur effect is initiated when this occurs

A

ETS is backing up not allowing NADH+H+ to be oxidized

66
Q

As a result of the pasteur effect this increases, and causes this

A

anaerobic ATP production

fatigue through accumulation of lactate

67
Q

% intensity that can be ran at without fatiguing due to accumulation of lactate, or without running out of oxygen to use as final electron acceptor (approx 80% max)

A

anaerobic threshold

68
Q

What do we need to do at the end of exercise

A

store intermediates as carbs so they can be used in the future

69
Q

When high concentrations of ATP that inhibit citrate synthase occur our bodies do this

A

store acetic acid as fat

70
Q

When citrate synthase is inhibited due to high concentrations of ATP we start to back up at this step, resulting in this

A

PDH

acetic acid builds up in the mitochondrea

71
Q

1 cycle of the krebs cycle produces this much ATP

A

12

72
Q

Acetic acid being stored as fats explain this

A

how carbohydrates that we eat are stored as fat (one mechanism)

73
Q

At the end of exercise high concentrations of ATP inhibit G3PDH resulting in this

A

G3P and DHAP build up in the cell and are eventually stored as fats

74
Q

LDH, PK, PFK are inhibited by increased ATP concentrations which then favors the production of this

A

glycogen from glucose

75
Q

Fatty-acits are utilized through this type of metabolism

A

aerobic

76
Q

aerobic metabolism of fatty acids is know as

A

beta oxidation of fatty acids

77
Q

This provides very little ATP per unit time

A

Beta oxidation of fatty acids

78
Q

One benefit of beta-oxidation of fatty acids

A

inexhaustable storage capacity of fat

79
Q

R-value associated with beta-oxidation of fatty acids

A

0.7

80
Q

FA are stored in this form

A

triglycerides

81
Q

triglyceride =

A

glycerol backbone = 3 FA

82
Q

This breaks down triglycerides to its constituents

A

lipase

83
Q

fatty acids are

A

long carbon (mostly even #) chains

84
Q

N =

A

of carbons in a fatty acid chain

85
Q

energy cost to prepare one FA for Beta-oxidation

A

1 ATP to AMP +P2

86
Q

First reduction agent formed from BO

A

1 FADH2

87
Q

Second reduction agent formed from BO

A

1 NADH+H+

88
Q

Final substance fromed from BO

A

1 acetyl-CoA

89
Q

ATP does not get used here in BO of FA

A

to add CoA to the carbon chain in the cycle

90
Q

Each cycle cleaves this many carbons form the fatty acid

A

2

91
Q

When determining the amount of ATP produced from burning a FA know these 2 things

A 
# of cycles
# of acetyl-CoA produced
92
Q

of cycles of BO of FA =

A

(N/2)-1

93
Q

Each cycle of BO of FA produces this much ATP from production of reduction agents

A

5 ATP

94
Q

of acetyl-CoA produced in BO of FA =

A

(N/2)

95
Q

Each acetyl-CoA produced during BO of FA produces this much ATP when burned to CO2 and H2O

A

12

96
Q

Enter net and gross equations into calculator for BO of FA

A

okay

Nutr-484-Exercise phys (14 decks)

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