lecture chapter 23 fungi Flashcards
the study of fungi
Mycology
Fungi structure and function
Fungi structure and function Walled cells Spend their lives fixed in place Produce haploid spores by meiosis Store excess sugar as glycogen
Single-celled fungi are commonly called_______
Single-celled fungi are commonly called YEASTS
Multicelled fungi grow as a ______ = a network of microscopic interwoven filaments.
Each filament (hypha) is a strand of cells end to end
Cell walls of _____
EXAMPLE=
Multicelled fungi grow as a MYCELIUM a network of microscopic interwoven filaments.
Each filament (hypha) is a strand of cells end to end
Cell walls of chitin
Chitin – a fibrous substance consisting of polysacch
EXAMPLE=molds, mildews, and mushrooms
Some fungi evolved hyphae divided into compartments by cross-walls called _____
oldest lineages= cells dont have cross-walls (____) between them.
Some fungi evolved hyphae divided into compartments by cross-walls called SEPTAE
SEPTAE are porous—- water and nutrients can be shared between adjacent cells.
They make hyphae sturdier, allowing for larger fruiting bodies
oldest lineages= cells dont have cross-walls (____) between them.
Fruit body:
Fruit body: the spore producing organ of a fungus; typically the cap of a mushroom
- More resistant to drying out
Fungi produce spores both asexually (mitosis) and sexually (meiosis).
Fungal spores –
Fungi produce spores both asexually (mitosis) and sexually (meiosis).
Fungal spores – microscopic biological particles that allow fungi to be reproduced, similar to the purpose of seeds in the plant world
Major fungal groups are defined and classified by their _________
Major fungal groups are defined and classified by their _________ sexual production of spores
Unlike plants or animals, fungal life cycles include a dikaryotic stage.
Dikaryotic-_______________________
Unlike plants or animals, fungal life cycles include a DIKARYOTIC STAGE*
Dikaryotic- having two distinct sets of genetic information
Nuclei from the egg and sperm do not fuse immediately after cytoplasmic fusion.
Then, the nuclei fuse into a diploid zygote
That zygote undergoes meiosis to form haploid spores.
Unlike plants or animals, fungal life cycles include a dikaryotic stage.
Dikaryotic-_______________________
Unlike plants or animals, fungal life cycles include a DIKARYOTIC STAGE*
Dikaryotic- having two distinct sets of genetic information
Nuclei from the egg and sperm do not fuse immediately after cytoplasmic fusion.
Then, the nuclei fuse into a diploid zygote
That zygote undergoes meiosis to form haploid spores.
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Phylum Chytridiomycota: Chytrids:
form flagellated spores**
Similar to oldest fossil fungi; Chytrids are considered to be an ANCIENT FUNGAL GROUP
Spores form in a sporangium
Some live as single cells, others form simple hyphae
Thrive in a variety of habitats
Freshwater, saltwater, soil, and inside animal gut
Some are parasitic; Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis exported with African clawed frogs currently threatens
amphibian populations worldwide
Phylum Zygomycota – Bread Mold
Phylum Zygomycota – Bread Mold- Zygote fungi that live in damp places.
Grow over or through organic matter as a mass of asexually reproducing hyphae
Example: black bread mold, RHIZOPUS
When food is plentiful, it grows as a haploid mycelium
Produces spores by mitosis
It can reproduce sexually if food supply dwindles
LIFE CYCLE OF BLACK BREAD MOLD
Life Cycle:
Sexual reproduction begins when two hyphae grow toward each other and fuse
Gametangia form and make haploid nuclei, which later fuse to form a DIPLOID ZYGOSPORE
Zygospores later release haploid spores which from in sacs at thetips of hyphae.
Phylum Glomeromycota – Mycorrhiza
Phylum Glomeromycota – Mycorrhiza= live only in close association with plant roots
Hyphae grow into a root and then branch inside the wall of a root cell
Mycorrhiza: mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a plant.**
-Different types of relationships= most common is where the fungus gets carbs and plant gets enhancement of mineral transport
mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a plant is called________.
Mycorrhiza: mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a plant.
