Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biology 102 ms.barker > chapter 21 lecture > Flashcards

chapter 21 lecture Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Most protists are single-celled, but some are colonial or multicellular
t or f

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cells have a division of labor and depend on one another for survival

A

Multicellular organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Live in groups and behave in an integrated manner, but remain self-sufficient

A

Colonial organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Most single-celled protists have a protective layer at their cell surface….

 Green algae and dinoflagellates:
 Radiolaria and diatoms:
 Euglena:

A

 Green algae and dinoflagellates: cellulose-containing cell wall

 Radiolaria and diatoms: Hard-mineral shell (silica “test”)

 Euglena: flexible pellicle—plasma membrane with elastic proteins just under it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

protective layer in Green algae and dinoflagellates:

A

cellulose-containing cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

protective layer in Radiolaria and diatoms

A

Hard-mineral shell (silica “test”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

protective layer in Euglena:

A

flexible PELLICLE —plasma membrane with elastic proteins just under it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

-Autotrophs:

A

-Autotrophs: Carry out photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

-Heterotrophs:

A

-Heterotrophs: feed on various sources in the environment; some form symbiotic relationships; some are parasitic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

-Mixotrophs:

A

-Mixotrophs: Can be photosynthetic or heterotrophic depending on conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • Autotrophs:
  • Heterotrophs:
  • Mixotrophs:
A
  • Autotrophs: Carry out photosynthesis
  • Heterotrophs: feed on various sources in the environment; some form symbiotic relationships; some are parasitic
  • Mixotrophs: Can be photosynthetic or heterotrophic depending on conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Diatom
PLANT LIKE

4

A

1—-Secrete a protective SILICA shell
2—large amount of OIL
- This Helps them float and stores energy
-Ancient diatom oil transformed into petroleum

3—When they die, their shells accumulate on the ocean floor, resulting in “DIATOMACEOUS EARTH”*

4—- Diploid, single-celled or colonial— photosynthetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dinoflagellates:
PLANT LIKE

3

A

Dinoflagellates:
1— two perpendicular flagella that cause forward movement and rotation

2— bioluminescence in tropical waters***

3—Responsible for algal blooms and red tide
(Eutrophication)**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Brown algae:
PLANT LIKE
2?

A
  • multicelled, some appear plant-like***

- kelp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Red algae:
PLANT LIKE
3

A

Red algae:

1—Photosynthetic, typically multicelled, live in warm currents at great depths.

2**Carageenan= used as stabilizer in ice cream, chocolate, and cosmetics

3**Gracilaria= used to make Agar (thickener in foods)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Green algae:
PLANT LIKE
two lineages-

A

-An informal group of photosynthetic species belonging to two lineages: chlorophyte and charophyte algae

CHLOROPHYTE algae= Most diverse group
 Include freshwater and marine, single-celled (Chlamydomonas), colonial (Volvox), multicellular, filamentous (Spirogyra)

CHAROPHYTE algae= ancestors of land plants, which share many of their characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Metamonads
ANIMAL LIKE
2-3

A

Flagellates family
***Lack mitochondria and have MULTIPLE FLAGELLA

  • **Diplomonads:2 identical nuclei; live in animals as a parasite; example:
  • GIARDIA LAMBLIA=Hiker’s Fever—>Dirty water)
  • Anaerobic - DONT need oxygen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

kinetoplast

A

accessory clump of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Euglenozoans:
ANIMAL LIKE
EUGLENA
3

A

Euglenozoans-
***-Free-living flagellated protists that have mitochondria

***-All are heterotrophs, some are mixotrophs

  • Can be euglenids or kinetoplastids
  • Kinetoplastids -have a single large mitochondrion and a kinetoplast

kinetoplast = accessory clump of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Trypanosoma brucei –
ANIMAL LIKE

VECTOR/SICKNESS?

A
  • Trypanosoma brucei is transmitted to humans and animals via the tsetse fly and causes African Sleeping Sickness
  • Flagellates
21
Q

Ciliates -Paramecium
ANIMAL LIKE

2-3

A

1*****-Macronucleus – controls daily function and divides by mitosis during asexual reproduction
-Micronucleus – sexual reproduction (meiosis)

Paramecium=A common freshwater ciliate that uses cilia to sweep water with food particles into an oral groove

2*****oral groove—> gullet
gullet-food vacuole

CILIATES= Heterotrophic, aquatic, named for the presence of cilia

22
Q

Foraminifera:
FORAMS

3

A

1–*****Shell made of calcium carbonate

2–*****White Cliffs of Dover in England made of CaCO3 shell

3-MOVE BY PSEUDOPODS

–Most live on the seafloor, others are members of marine plankton

-single-celled marine heterotrophs with a protective shell; holes in the shell allow for extending pseudopods

23
Q

Radiolaria:
ANIMAL LIKE
3-4

A

1***silica shell

2***Second gas-filled cytoplasmic layer keep cells afloat

3-MOVE BY PSEUDOPODS

  • single-celled marine heterotrophs with a protective shell; holes in the shell allow for extending pseudopods
  • Planktonic secrete the glassy silica shell
24
Q

Amoebozoans:
ANIMAL LIKE
2-3

A

1- Shape-shifting heterotrophic cells that
LACK a wall or a pellicle; form pseudopods

2-Single cells USE PSEUDOPODS to engulf prey

  • dysentary
  • brain eating amoeba
25
Q

Odd-Ball: Apicomplexans

A
  • all are animal parasites

* **INCLUDES- Plasmodium, which causes malaria

26
Q

Water molds (aka Oomycetes):

FUNGI LIKE
2

A 
Water molds (aka Oomycetes): 
FUNGI LIKE- use cellulose instead of chitin like fungi do

heterotrophs, form a mesh of nutrient-absorbing filaments

27
Q

Which of the following protists is photosynthetic?

  • Amoeba
  • Diatoms
  • Paramecium
  • Radiolarians
A

-Diatoms

28
Q

The failure of the potato crop & the Irish famine in the 1840s was due to which of the following?

  • slime molds
  • water molds
  • cyanobacteria
  • nematodes
A

-water molds

29
Q

What organism is the cause of Sleeping Sickness?

Giardia

Plasmodium

Trypanosoma

Toxoplasma

A

Trypanosoma

30
Q

What structure provides membrane support & coordinates membrane movement in many unwalled protists?

pellicle

capsid

envelope

endospore

A

pellicle

31
Q

How do foraminiferans & radiolarians move?

A

pseudopodia

32
Q

Paramecium move by…

A

Cilia

33
Q

how do Amoebozoans move?

A

pseudopodia

34
Q

how do Metamonads move?

A

multiple Flagella

35
Q

how do Euglena move?

A

Flagella

36
Q

how does Trypanosoma brucei move?

A

flagella

37
Q

the protist Plasmodium is associated with what illnesses?

A

malaria

38
Q

Which statement about euglenids is false?

Move with pseudopods

Many contain chloroplasts

Belongs to the same group as kinetoplastids

Use a contractile vacuole to maintain water balance

A

Move with pseudopods -false they move with flagella

39
Q

What are three lineages included in the SAR super group?

A

Stramenopiles, alveolates, & rhizarians

40
Q

Which protist can be contracted from drinking unclean stream water & causes “Hiker’s Fever?”

A

Giardia

41
Q

Which pigment(s) is/are characteristic of red algae?

A

phycobilins

42
Q

Which protist organisms exchange micronuclei during the process of sexual reproduction?

A

Ciliates (e.g. Paramecium)

43
Q

All animals likely evolved from which type of protist?

A

Choanoflagellates

44
Q

organisms transmit the organisms that cause Sleeping Sickness?

the vector—-

A

Tsetse flies

45
Q

Land plants are thought to be most closely related to

–cyanobacteria

  • lichens
  • chlorophyte green algae
  • charophyte green algae
A

charophyte green algae

46
Q

Most diverse group of green algae
 Includes freshwater and marine, single-celled (Chlamydomonas), colonial (Volvox), multicellular, filamentous (Spirogyra)

A

Chlorophyte algae

47
Q

type of algae with ancestors of land plants, which share many of their characteristics

A

Charophyte algae

48
Q

Euglenids –

Example: Euglena

A

EUGLENIDS-Typically freshwater, free-living, with multiple mitochondria

49
Q

Kinetoplastids /kinetoplast

A

Kinetoplastids have a single large mitochondrion and a kinetoplast –>(clump of DNA)

biology 102 ms.barker (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions