Lecture 9 - T Cells in Infection

Question 1

Smear Cells?

Answer 1

broken appearance, indicative of leakage from bone marrow e.g. leukemia

Question 2

Why do we need more than antibodies?

Answer 2

viruses grow inside cell, antibodies too big to enter

Question 3

T Cell antigen recognition?

Answer 3

CD8 (cytotoxic) recognises Class I HLA receptor; CD4 (helper) recognises Class II HLA receptor

Question 4

HLA genes?

Answer 4

Class I: HLA A/B/C; Class II: HLA-DP, DQ, DR

Question 5

Class I characteristics?

Answer 5

Found on all nucleated cells, co-dominant, polymorphic, presents to CD8

Question 6

Class II characteristics?

Answer 6

Found on B cells and specialised APCs, co-dominant, polymorphic, present to CD4

Question 7

Class I presentation of Antigen?

Answer 7

Virus entry and breakdown of proteins cause metabolites to rise to surface and change Class I receptors indicating to the immune system

Question 8

T Cell Clonal Activation?

Answer 8

Peptide in Class I MHC binds, helper signals trigger proliferation and differentiation into cytotoxic T cells and memory cells; Class II similar but splits into cytokine secreting cells and memory cells

Question 9

Class II presentation of antigen?

Answer 9

Phagocytosis of antigenic material, break down in cell, present metabolites on surface receptor

Question 10

Methods of helper cells helping lymphocytes?

Answer 10

Soluble mediators (cytokines and hormones), Surface interactions (co-stimulators)

Question 11

Conditions effecting cytokine action?

Answer 11

concentration, presence of other cytokines, type of receptive cell, history of receptive cell