Lecture 8 - Activities of Pathogens 1

Question 1

Types of pathogen?

Answer 1

primary (isolation always pathogenic), principle (isolation usually pathogenic), opportunistic (only cuase disease when defence is down)

Question 2

In order for an infection to cause symptoms?

Answer 2

Antigen must interact w human cells and generate an immune response - measured by virulence factor

Question 3

Pathogenesis of Appendicitis?`

Answer 3

Obstruction by faecolith causing bacteria to propogate

Question 4

Microbiology of Appendicitis?

Answer 4

Bacteria interact with cells of lining, damage using toxins, damage cells release cytokines, chemotaxis occurs attracting neutrophils from blood vessels

Question 5

Appendicitis pain?

Answer 5

Inflammed appendix filled with immune cells, dead and live bacteria causes pain, nerves from appendix enter spine at umbilicus (initial pain felt here), inflammation spreads to parietal peritoneum w precise innervation moving pain to right iliac fossa

Question 6

Outcomes of appendicitis?

Answer 6

encased by omentum and forms chronic inflammatory appendical mass, or rupture

Question 7

Management of appendicitis?

Answer 7

pain relief, fluids, surgery, antibiotics; antibiotics to reduce risk of surgical wound infection