lecture 9: social learning and cognition Flashcards
observational learning
behaviours can be acquired by observing and imitating others
how does observational learning occur
classical and operant conditioning can take place vicariously. requires key factors
- attention
- retention
- reproduction
- motivation
- what we think about the person we are modelling (prestige, attractiveness)
- we must be able to observe whether the model is punished or rewarded
how does observational learning apply to the health context
- health promotion
- phobia treatment
- modelling medical procedures (especially for children)
- behaviour intervention
- motor skill learning
- adherence
Bobo doll experiment
adult either
- acted agressive to the bobo doll
- acted neutrally to the doll or ignored it
learned helplessness
the tendency to feel helpless int he face of event we cannot control. expectancy that we cannot escape aversive events. related to three deficits
learned helplessness in healthcare
people who have it will be less likely to try and make a difference so may see poorer longterm health outcomes.
- the lack of control over their condition
- can be seen clearly with elderly
locus of control
the extent to which we believe the consequences of a behaviour are within or out of our control.
- internal: our own actions determine our fate
- external: belief that our lives are governed by forces outside of our contrl or by people more powerful than ourselves
importance of locus of control to health
internal: more likely to do healthier behaviours. take more actions to imporve their own health
external: may be more likely to not take active actions in order to improve their health outcomes
self efficacy
the belief that you can perform adequately in a particular situation
related to:
- competence within a context
- self talk
- locus of control
key factors of self efficacy
- mastery of the context
- vicarious experience: you observation of others and how well they do
- persuasion: by others or yourself
- emotional arousal: how you approach the situation
self efficacy’s impact on health
those with high Self efficacy will feel more in control and the effects of their condition are less likely to be a large stressor
- you could have internal locus of control but have low self efficacy with a certain regime and that may impact their outcomes
attribution theory
how do people interpret and explain causal relationships int he social word?
- dispositional: behaviour is caused by an internal/personal factor
- situational: behaviour is caused by a external or environmental factor
- cultural background: collectivist or individualistic
attribution theory in health context
- optimistic explanatory style: credit success to internal and failures to external
- pessimistic: failure to lack of ability and success to luck
- determines how you work towards better health outcomes
fundamental attribution bias
tendency to attribute another persons behaviour to personality while ignoring situational causes
- caused by lack of info or context or cultural influences
- may hinder communication or adherence
- exacerbate health inequities
self serving bias
we are more likely to consider situational causes rather than personality or inherent qualities when considering failure and internal factors when considering success
- can prevent us from learning form our mistakes
