lecture 20:

Question 1

attatchment

Answer 1

• strong affection connection that humans share with special people in their lives

Question 2

main characteristics of secure attachment in infants

Answer 2

1. proximity seeking
2. comfort seeking
3. separation/stranger anxiety
4. secure base (child feel confident to explore environment with caregivers as a secure base to come back to in times of need)

Question 3

5 factors that influence development of attatchement

Answer 3

1. quality of caregiving: serve and return (authoritative, not authoritarian is best)
2. child’s temperament
3. family context
4. culture
5. opportunity to establish close relationshio

Question 4

child temperment and attatchement

Answer 4

• reactivity:
• self regulation:
• bold/uninhibited: talkitive, lower reactivity, sociable, less crying
• shy/inhibited: more crying, shyer, quiet, might be slower to accept new experiences or will react more intensely, respond best to responsive and sensitive parenting

Question 5

patterns of attatchment

Answer 5

1. secure (child uses carer as base, show distress when carer leaves)
2. insecure avoidant (child seems indifferent to carers departure nor do they seek contact/comfort from them)
3. insecure-anxious/ambivialent ( significant distress when carer leaves but ambivalent upon return)
4. disorganised attatchment (child seems depressed/unresponsive with spurts of sudden emotion, lack of organised strategy for achieving closeness with attatchment figure)

Question 6

early adversity and attatchment

Answer 6

• increase activation of stress pathway means it is more sensitive as you age

Question 7

consequences of maltreatment on behavioural development

Answer 7

• increase in agressive behaviour
• conduct issues
• self destructiveness
• poorer schooling compliance
• substance abuse

Question 8

consequences of maltreatment on social-emotional development

Answer 8

• poorer emotional regulation
• negative social adjustment or self esteem
• become poorer parents
• boys more likely to become abusice to their partners

Question 9

consequences of maltreatment on cognitive development

Answer 9

• may not reach mac intellectual capacity
• risk of learning problems

Question 10

ace study goals

Answer 10

adverse childhood experiences and their effects

Question 11

ace study findings

Answer 11

• aces are common
• dose-response relationship between aces and number of adult physical and mental health outcomes
• higher ace score = poorer health outcomes