lecture 13: Flashcards
vygotzky sociocultural theory
- children learn through interactions with adults and their environment/culture
- internalisation: children absorb knowledge of adults and culture around them
- children are a product of their culture and environment
difference between piaget and vygotsky
- V focuses on social constructivism (learning is active knowledge creation through social interaction, language use)
- V asserts language is central in cognitive development
- development is continuous rather than in stages
mental processes
- perception
- learning
- memory
- language acquisition
- problem solving
- thinking/imagining
piaget major theory idea
children think differently, not just less competently than adults
piagets 4 stages
- sensorimotor stage
- preoperational
- concrete operational stage
- formal operational stage
sensorimotor stage (birth to 2yrs)
- reflexes
- repititive and imitative learning through play
- motor skills developing
- over time gaining object permanence
preoperational stage (2-7)
- acquisition of symbolic thought (can create mental images of objects/events that are’t physically present)
- development of internalised mental actions rather than physical
- rapid language development
- make believe play
- egocentrism
egocentrism
- difficulty taking on another person’s perspective
- interpret from their own view
concrete operational stage (7-11)
- increase in more ogical, flexibel and organised thought
- don’t need to physically interact to understand
- can generalise (inductive logic)
- less egocentric
- understand conservation
formal operational stage
- increase in abstract/flexible thinking
- increase in creativity and deduction and scientific process
scheme
a mental structure (basic building block). the way we organise a thoughts, memories, strategies. a structure/map of thinking made of units of knowledge related to specific contexts/experiences that allow us to interpret the world
assimialtion
- encounter new idea and assimialte it into existing schema/world view. fit into existing scheme
accommodation
- new information challeneges world view so you reshape you schema/worldview
role of experience and cultural context in shaping development
certain stages and landmarks will be reached faster depending on developmental context
cognitive theories to explain a child’s understanding of health and illness
- prelogical: magic
1. phenomenism - magic
2. contagion - ilnnes from close object/person - concrete logival: more concrete/causal
1. contamination: multiple symptoms and germ behaviour
2. internalisation: illness within body and organs - formal logic explanations: abstract
1. physiologic
2. psychophysiologic
