lecture 2: science of behaviour, health and development Flashcards
correlation/descriptive study
case studies or naturalistic observation
- examine the degree to which two or more variables are related (knowing one may allow
- can be used to pridect behaviouroutcomes
- can’t say why an association exists you to predict the value of another)
- not necessarily measures cause and effect
reseach designs
- experimental
- correlational
- longitudinal
- descriptive
- cross-sectional
four key principles of Te Ara Tika
- whakapapa - relationships within the study itself, its genesis
- kaitiaki - guardians of the data, who owns that, who is responsible for its safety
- tika - validity of proposal and study
- manaakitanga - ensuring the mana of both parties are upheld, cultural and social responsibility
cartwright report
landmarck document on ethics in research and clinical practice in nz following 1966 woman’s CIS and cancer study
case studies
- appropriate for unusual cases
- difficult to generalise
- difficult to determine cause and effect
internal validity
whether a study accurately measures a causal relationship and the cause/effect relationship given by the study cannot be given by other factor
external validity
whether the findings can be applied to a broader population
correlation
when changes in one variable are accompanied by changes in another
natural observation
- high external validity
- can generate new ideas
- time consuming and you may not observe what you want to
- low internal validity (can’t control confounds)
- cause and effect difficult to establish
- usually small and may not be representative
common issues in research
- bias (subject vs researcher expectancies; sampling bias)
- correlation vs causation
- confounding variables
key ethical principles
- protection from physical/psychological harm
- informed consent
- confidentiality
- deception and debriefing
- children or vulnerable people as subjects
