lecture 9 revision

Question 1

what is the difference between end product score and process score?

Answer 1

end product score measures the final result of a performance eg. time of run distance of throw

process score - indicates how the skill was performed
eg. TGMD-2 (criteria mastered in a skill)

Question 2

whats the difference between component and composite assessment approaches?

Answer 2

composite approach - looks at the total body while the component approach looks at components of body in the skill
eg. components approach for walking - (leg action component) (arm action component)

Question 3

Describe internal and external respiration

Answer 3

internal occurs between blood and tissues (except lungs)
eg. supply of O2 to the cells, removal of CO2 from the cells - AKA cellular respiration

External respiration - AKA breathing or pulmonary ventilation - occurs between the lungs and the outside environment, supply of O2 to the blood, removal of CO2 from the blood

Question 4

what is another name for internal respiration?

Answer 4

cellular respiration

Question 5

what is another name for external respiration?

Answer 5

breathing or pulmonary ventilation

Question 6

how do lung capacities and lung volumes differ?

Answer 6

lung volume measures the amount of air for one function (such as inhalation or exhalation) and lung capacity is any two or more volumes (eg. how much can be inhales from the end of the maximal exhalation)

Question 7

which energy system has the potential for the largest power production?

Answer 7

ATP-CrP

Question 8

Describe the difference between the structure and function of the foetal heart vs the adult heart

Answer 8

• foetal hear gets oxygen from mother therefore blood does not need to go to lungs
• this is avoided by 2 shunts in the foetus heart (ductus arteriosus and the foramen ovale)
• these shunts then close when born due to pressure of blood and breath
• adult heart has two sides one involves carrying de-oxygenated blood to lungs and the other oxygenated blood to the body - where as foetus both sides act as the same

Question 9

what are the functions of blood?

Answer 9

transport materials around body - minerals, vitamins, nutrients
removal of waste - CO2 etc
protection - (immune infection) foreign microbes, toxins, blood loss

Question 10

What is blood pressure?

Answer 10

the measurement at which the blood is pumping through the arteries

Question 11

what is haematocrit?

Answer 11

the ratio of red blood cells to the total volume of blood

Question 12

what are the typical concentration of haemoglobin in blood?

Answer 12

neonate - 20g/100mls blood
3-6month - 10g/100mls blood
adult male - 16g/100mls
adult female - 14g/100mls

Question 13

what changes in the cardiovscular system occur with ageing?

Answer 13

• thickening of blood vessels and left ventricle
• increased stiffness in aorta
• thickening and fragmentation of the internal layer of arteries

Question 14

Define FRC and FVC

Answer 14

FVC = forced vital capacity 
FRC = Functional residual capacity

Question 15

at what age do alveoli develop?

Answer 15

Alveoli develop in the last 3 months of foetal life and postnatally until age 6-8

Question 16

how does lung function change with growth?

Answer 16

• begin to pouch at 4 weeks
• brochial trees 16 weeks
• lung tissue grows postnatally and respiratory function matures

Question 17

how does lung function change with ageing?

Answer 17

4 changes

1. morphological changes
2. lung volume
3. gas exchange
4. ventilatory pump

Question 18

what 4 morphological changes occur with aging in regard to lung function?

Answer 18

• decrease in alveolar surface area
• diameter - increase in large airways, decrease in small airways
• elastic recoil - less elastic = increase in resting volume
• chest wall becomes stiffer

Question 19

Name 3 major energy systems involved in exercise?

Answer 19

ATP-CrP
Anaerobic Glycolysis
Aerobic - Aerobic carbohydrate metabolism