learn

Question 1

Why is exercise in conjunction with diet important for weight loss

Answer 1

because exercise only makes up 30% of weight loss whereas diet makes up the other 70%

Question 2

briefly describe the process of long bone growth

Answer 2

endochindral ossification

1. collar formation
2. cavitation
3. invasion of vascular supply
4. secondary ossification
5. epiphyseal ossification

Question 3

What structures are affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Answer 3

Muscle, Motor neurons

Question 4

what’s the difference between an open and closed skill?

Answer 4

closed skill - is not affected by the environment eg. gymnast doing backflip

open skill - is affected by the environment eg- basketball

Question 5

name and give an example of each of the 3 actions of hormones

Answer 5

morphogenesis - related to growth - GH
integration - integrate activities due to a internal or external stimulant - adrenalin
Maintenance - maintaining proper function of body - insulin

Question 6

calculate the maximal predicted heart rate for a 45yr old

Answer 6

220-age (normal person)

over 40 = 208-0.7x age
= 208-0.7x45 = 176.5

Question 7

how do lung capacities and lung volumes differ?

Answer 7

Lung capacity is the measurement of just one movement (breathing in or breathing out) whereas lung volume measures 2 or more volumes

Question 8

what is blood pressure

Answer 8

a measurement of systolic over diastolic

systolic = highest pressure during contraction of left ventricle 
diastolic = lowest pressure during relaxation of left ventricle

Question 9

what is haematrocit?

Answer 9

the ratio of blood cells to volume of blood

Question 10

what are the typical concentrations of haemoglobin in the blood?

Answer 10

neonate = 20g / 100ml of blood
3-6month = 10g/100ml of blood
adult male = 16g/100ml of blood
adult female = 14g/100ml of blood

Question 11

what changes in the CV system occur with ageing?

Answer 11

thickening of vessels and Left ventricle
increased stiffness of aorta
fragmentation of vessels
decreased contractility of LV

Question 12

Define FRC and FVC

Answer 12

functional residual capacity is the resting volume of lung

forced vital capacity is the total amount of air exhaled

Question 13

At what age do alveoli develop

Answer 13

in the last trimester until age 6-8

Question 14

how does lung function change with growth?

Answer 14

Increase in lung volume and lung surface area – increase in amount of air intake

Question 15

How does lung function change with aging?

Answer 15

air intake and peak flow decrease

Question 16

what 4 morphological changes occur with aging in regards to lung function

Answer 16

• diameter
• elastic recoil
• decrease in alveolar surface area
• stiffer chest wall

Question 17

• Referring to the Fick principle describe the difference between oxygen delivery in a child and an adult.

Answer 17

Oxygen delivery is quicker in a child because cardiac output is lower in children

Question 18

• What is the VO2 max of a sedentary female?

Answer 18

33ml/kg/min

Question 19

• How does aerobic performance change with ageing?

Answer 19

Aerobic performance decreases, as majority of people become less active

Question 20

• Name and describe a method of assessing skeletal and sexual maturation.

Answer 20

Greulich pyle method – xray of wrist and hand bones and comparing them to age related plates

Tanner stage description – sexual maturation, comparing different stages of genitalia to a table

Question 21

what is sarcopenia

Answer 21

sarcopenia is a condition characterised by a loss of skeletal muscle mass and function

Question 22

what is leptin?

Answer 22

leptin is a hormone made by adipose cells

Question 23

what is the goal of ageing ?

Answer 23

the absence of disease and lowest loss of function with age