Lecture 3 Flashcards
Is BMI and somatotyping a measure of body composition?
No, direct measures are the only real measures of body composition
what does a higher BMI equal?
- more likely to have a higher portion of fat
- high BMI is linked to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia
What are the BMI cut off points for adults?
underweight = under 18.5 Normal = 18.5 - 24.99 Overweight = >25 Obese = >30
What does it mean if a childs BMI starts crossing percentile lines?
its a sign as early unhealthy weight changes
what is the adiposity rebound?
The lowest point of BMI before increase (usually around age 5-6)
What are the three somatotype shapes?
Endomorph - fat
Mesomorph - muscle
Ectomorph - lean
what are the characteristics of endomorph?
- rounded body shape
- wide hips narrow shoulders
- lot of fat
- slim wrists and ankles
what are the characteristics of mesomorph?
- Muscular and stocky
- Broad shoulders narrow hips
- Strong
What are the characteristics of ectomorph?
- Tall & Thin
- Narrow shoulders, hips, thighs
- very little body fat
Sheldon somatotype classification…
each rating 1-7. 7= maximum
What does the first, second and third figure represent? 1-6-2
1 = endomorph 6= mesomorph 2= ectomorph
this would mean 1-6-2 = no endomorphy, high mesomorphy and little ectomorphy
what are the two types of body composition?
Fat free mass and lean body mass
What is fat free mass composed of?
fat free mass is composed of all the body’s nonfat tissue including bone, muscle, organs and connective tissue
what is lean body mass composed of?
includes all fat free mass along with essential fat
- difficult to measure so fat free mass is often used
what are some ways of assessing body composition
- hydrostatic weighing
- bioelectric impedance (BIA)
- Bod Pod
- Skinfold
What doesn’t measure body composition?
- BMI
- Somatotype rating
- Waist to hip ratio
What are some of the standard skinfold sites?
bicep
tricep
subscapular
iliac crest
why is body composition assessment important in children?
- because there is a relationship between the adiposity of children and then how they would develop in adulthood
- childhood obesity is also a predictor of obesity in adulthood
what is the fat content of boys and girls age 9?
Boys have lower fat content (20.1%) than girls (24.3%)
what are the changes in the adipose tissue?
adipose tissue = body fat
increase in number of fat cells and the size of fat cells
Childhood obesity (AIHW reports) how many children/adolescence (2-17) are overweight or obese?
25%
8.2% of those are obese
Willl a child grow out of their overweight problem?
No, study found 5% of children who were overweight were still overweight at the end of the study
2x more likely to go up a weight category than go down
what happens to body composition when ageing?
body fat increases due to less physical activity and an increased intake of calories
why should you exercise?
- decrease risk of cardiovascular diseases
- increase high density lipoproteins
- increase quality of life
• By what mechanism does fat change with growth
Due to an increase in number of fat cells and an increase in size of fat cells
or
GH (growth hormone)
why is exercise important in conjunction with weight loss ?
because exercising only makes up 30% of weight loss and diet makes up the remaining 70%
