Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Is BMI and somatotyping a measure of body composition?

A

No, direct measures are the only real measures of body composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does a higher BMI equal?

A
  • more likely to have a higher portion of fat

- high BMI is linked to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the BMI cut off points for adults?

A
underweight = under 18.5 
Normal = 18.5 - 24.99
Overweight = >25
Obese = >30
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does it mean if a childs BMI starts crossing percentile lines?

A

its a sign as early unhealthy weight changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the adiposity rebound?

A

The lowest point of BMI before increase (usually around age 5-6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three somatotype shapes?

A

Endomorph - fat
Mesomorph - muscle
Ectomorph - lean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the characteristics of endomorph?

A
  • rounded body shape
  • wide hips narrow shoulders
  • lot of fat
  • slim wrists and ankles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the characteristics of mesomorph?

A
  • Muscular and stocky
  • Broad shoulders narrow hips
  • Strong
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the characteristics of ectomorph?

A
  • Tall & Thin
  • Narrow shoulders, hips, thighs
  • very little body fat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sheldon somatotype classification…
each rating 1-7. 7= maximum

What does the first, second and third figure represent? 1-6-2

A
1 = endomorph 
6= mesomorph
2= ectomorph 

this would mean 1-6-2 = no endomorphy, high mesomorphy and little ectomorphy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the two types of body composition?

A

Fat free mass and lean body mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is fat free mass composed of?

A

fat free mass is composed of all the body’s nonfat tissue including bone, muscle, organs and connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is lean body mass composed of?

A

includes all fat free mass along with essential fat

  • difficult to measure so fat free mass is often used
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are some ways of assessing body composition

A
  • hydrostatic weighing
  • bioelectric impedance (BIA)
  • Bod Pod
  • Skinfold
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What doesn’t measure body composition?

A
  • BMI
  • Somatotype rating
  • Waist to hip ratio
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some of the standard skinfold sites?

A

bicep
tricep
subscapular
iliac crest

17
Q

why is body composition assessment important in children?

A
  • because there is a relationship between the adiposity of children and then how they would develop in adulthood
  • childhood obesity is also a predictor of obesity in adulthood
18
Q

what is the fat content of boys and girls age 9?

A

Boys have lower fat content (20.1%) than girls (24.3%)

19
Q

what are the changes in the adipose tissue?

adipose tissue = body fat

A

increase in number of fat cells and the size of fat cells

20
Q

Childhood obesity (AIHW reports) how many children/adolescence (2-17) are overweight or obese?

A

25%

8.2% of those are obese

21
Q

Willl a child grow out of their overweight problem?

A

No, study found 5% of children who were overweight were still overweight at the end of the study

2x more likely to go up a weight category than go down

22
Q

what happens to body composition when ageing?

A

body fat increases due to less physical activity and an increased intake of calories

23
Q

why should you exercise?

A
  • decrease risk of cardiovascular diseases
  • increase high density lipoproteins
  • increase quality of life
24
Q

• By what mechanism does fat change with growth

A

Due to an increase in number of fat cells and an increase in size of fat cells

or

GH (growth hormone)

25
why is exercise important in conjunction with weight loss ?
because exercising only makes up 30% of weight loss and diet makes up the remaining 70%