Lecture 3

Question 1

Is BMI and somatotyping a measure of body composition?

Answer 1

No, direct measures are the only real measures of body composition

Question 2

what does a higher BMI equal?

Answer 2

• more likely to have a higher portion of fat

- high BMI is linked to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia

Question 3

What are the BMI cut off points for adults?

Answer 3

underweight = under 18.5 
Normal = 18.5 - 24.99
Overweight = >25
Obese = >30

Question 4

What does it mean if a childs BMI starts crossing percentile lines?

Answer 4

its a sign as early unhealthy weight changes

Question 5

what is the adiposity rebound?

Answer 5

The lowest point of BMI before increase (usually around age 5-6)

Question 6

What are the three somatotype shapes?

Answer 6

Endomorph - fat
Mesomorph - muscle
Ectomorph - lean

Question 7

what are the characteristics of endomorph?

Answer 7

• rounded body shape
• wide hips narrow shoulders
• lot of fat
• slim wrists and ankles

Question 8

what are the characteristics of mesomorph?

Answer 8

• Muscular and stocky
• Broad shoulders narrow hips
• Strong

Question 9

What are the characteristics of ectomorph?

Answer 9

• Tall & Thin
• Narrow shoulders, hips, thighs
• very little body fat

Question 10

Sheldon somatotype classification…
each rating 1-7. 7= maximum

What does the first, second and third figure represent? 1-6-2

Answer 10

1 = endomorph 
6= mesomorph
2= ectomorph 

this would mean 1-6-2 = no endomorphy, high mesomorphy and little ectomorphy

Question 11

what are the two types of body composition?

Answer 11

Fat free mass and lean body mass

Question 12

What is fat free mass composed of?

Answer 12

fat free mass is composed of all the body’s nonfat tissue including bone, muscle, organs and connective tissue

Question 13

what is lean body mass composed of?

Answer 13

includes all fat free mass along with essential fat

• difficult to measure so fat free mass is often used

Question 14

what are some ways of assessing body composition

Answer 14

• hydrostatic weighing
• bioelectric impedance (BIA)
• Bod Pod
• Skinfold

Question 15

What doesn’t measure body composition?

Answer 15

• BMI
• Somatotype rating
• Waist to hip ratio

Question 16

What are some of the standard skinfold sites?

Answer 16

bicep
tricep
subscapular
iliac crest

Question 17

why is body composition assessment important in children?

Answer 17

• because there is a relationship between the adiposity of children and then how they would develop in adulthood
• childhood obesity is also a predictor of obesity in adulthood

Question 18

what is the fat content of boys and girls age 9?

Answer 18

Boys have lower fat content (20.1%) than girls (24.3%)

Question 19

what are the changes in the adipose tissue?

adipose tissue = body fat

Answer 19

increase in number of fat cells and the size of fat cells

Question 20

Childhood obesity (AIHW reports) how many children/adolescence (2-17) are overweight or obese?

Answer 20

25%

8.2% of those are obese

Question 21

Willl a child grow out of their overweight problem?

Answer 21

No, study found 5% of children who were overweight were still overweight at the end of the study

2x more likely to go up a weight category than go down

Question 22

what happens to body composition when ageing?

Answer 22

body fat increases due to less physical activity and an increased intake of calories

Question 23

why should you exercise?

Answer 23

• decrease risk of cardiovascular diseases
• increase high density lipoproteins
• increase quality of life

Question 24

• By what mechanism does fat change with growth

Answer 24

Due to an increase in number of fat cells and an increase in size of fat cells

or

GH (growth hormone)

Question 25

why is exercise important in conjunction with weight loss ?

Answer 25

because exercising only makes up 30% of weight loss and diet makes up the remaining 70%