lec 9 aerobic changes Flashcards
what are some components of fitness?
- strength
- flexibility
- cardiovascular endurance
- muscular endurance
- agility
- speed
- balance
- power
- coordination
what are the 3 energy systems?
- ATP-PC
- Lactic acid - glycolysis
- Aerobic
define aerobic capacity and power
the ability to produce energy aerobically
what is VO2 max
it is the maximal oxygen uptake
why are cross country skiers higher then runners?
because they are using both arms and legs (both weight-bearing and using arms and legs)
why is measuring aerobic performance difficult? is it more difficult for adults or children?
because you have to put in an “all out effort” - which adults can push past but is more difficult for kids
what is the fick principle used for?
used for aerobic training
fick principle equations?
VO2 = Q(CaO2-CvO2) VO2 = HR x SV (CaO2 - Cvo2)
= VO2 = Q(a-vO2)
CaO2 - CvO2 is usually abbreviated to a-vo2
what does CaO2 and CvO2 stand for? whats it get abbreviated to?
C = concentration
equation gets to a-vO2 and its comparing the concentration of oxygen in the arterial circulation and the concentration of oxygen in the venus circulation
what are the changes in VO2 max between genders from age 6
males have a steady rise and then flatten out where as the females have a steady decline
why do females have a decrease VO2 max from 8-16yrs
because changes in body composition and decrease physical activity cause a decrease in VO2max
what happens with stroke volume as we grow
well as the heart increases (increases with growth) the size of the muscle increases and this means the stroke volume will increase. even though HR decreases
who has a lower VO2 child or adult
a child has a lower Cardiac output
Q = HR x SV
how much oxygen is extracted for use for an adult at rest and an adult exercising??
adult rest = 5ml used / 20mls O2 in 100ml of blood
adult exercising = 15ml/ 20mls in 100ml of blood
what happens with both genders changes in power as they age (6-19)
they both increase. males increase a lot more then the females (females steady out around 15)
how can we improve performance in a child
co-ordination will help improve performance
how does VO2 improve with age
VO2max will increase as - muscle mass increases, lung size increases, stroke volume increases
does VO2max change with trainability in adults
- VO2max increases an average of 20%
- Stroke volume increases
- heart volume increases
can VO2max increase with training in children?
averages 5-6% increase
why might children and adults have different training outcomes
- children have less testosterone
- children are adapted to aerobic metabolism - eg. HR recovery
is heart rate recovery quicker or slower in children then adults?
children
are performance increases d/t increased VO2max in children?
studies have shown significant improvements in running performance without any obvious increase in VO2max
what happens with a-vO2 in the aged? why?
it decreases by 10-30% d/t decreased vascular supply, poorer blood flow, decreased muscle oxidative capacity
does everyones VO2max change with the aged? trained or untrained
yes they all decrease at the same rate.
Can VO2 trainability in the aged improve with low intensity workouts?
no
Can VO2 trainability in the aged improve with moderate/high intensity workouts?
yes VO2 max increases
