lec 9 aerobic changes

Question 1

what are some components of fitness?

Answer 1

• strength
• flexibility
• cardiovascular endurance
• muscular endurance
• agility
• speed
• balance
• power
• coordination

Question 2

what are the 3 energy systems?

Answer 2

1. ATP-PC
2. Lactic acid - glycolysis
3. Aerobic

Question 3

define aerobic capacity and power

Answer 3

the ability to produce energy aerobically

Question 4

what is VO2 max

Answer 4

it is the maximal oxygen uptake

Question 5

why are cross country skiers higher then runners?

Answer 5

because they are using both arms and legs (both weight-bearing and using arms and legs)

Question 6

why is measuring aerobic performance difficult? is it more difficult for adults or children?

Answer 6

because you have to put in an “all out effort” - which adults can push past but is more difficult for kids

Question 7

what is the fick principle used for?

Answer 7

used for aerobic training

Question 8

fick principle equations?

Answer 8

VO2 = Q(CaO2-CvO2)
VO2 = HR x SV (CaO2 - Cvo2)

= VO2 = Q(a-vO2)

CaO2 - CvO2 is usually abbreviated to a-vo2

Question 9

what does CaO2 and CvO2 stand for? whats it get abbreviated to?

Answer 9

C = concentration
equation gets to a-vO2 and its comparing the concentration of oxygen in the arterial circulation and the concentration of oxygen in the venus circulation

Question 10

what are the changes in VO2 max between genders from age 6

Answer 10

males have a steady rise and then flatten out where as the females have a steady decline

Question 11

why do females have a decrease VO2 max from 8-16yrs

Answer 11

because changes in body composition and decrease physical activity cause a decrease in VO2max

Question 12

what happens with stroke volume as we grow

Answer 12

well as the heart increases (increases with growth) the size of the muscle increases and this means the stroke volume will increase. even though HR decreases

Question 13

who has a lower VO2 child or adult

Answer 13

a child has a lower Cardiac output

Q = HR x SV

Question 14

how much oxygen is extracted for use for an adult at rest and an adult exercising??

Answer 14

adult rest = 5ml used / 20mls O2 in 100ml of blood

adult exercising = 15ml/ 20mls in 100ml of blood

Question 15

what happens with both genders changes in power as they age (6-19)

Answer 15

they both increase. males increase a lot more then the females (females steady out around 15)

Question 16

how can we improve performance in a child

Answer 16

co-ordination will help improve performance

Question 17

how does VO2 improve with age

Answer 17

VO2max will increase as - muscle mass increases, lung size increases, stroke volume increases

Question 18

does VO2max change with trainability in adults

Answer 18

• VO2max increases an average of 20%
• Stroke volume increases
• heart volume increases

Question 19

can VO2max increase with training in children?

Answer 19

averages 5-6% increase

Question 20

why might children and adults have different training outcomes

Answer 20

• children have less testosterone

- children are adapted to aerobic metabolism - eg. HR recovery

Question 21

is heart rate recovery quicker or slower in children then adults?

Answer 21

children

Question 22

are performance increases d/t increased VO2max in children?

Answer 22

studies have shown significant improvements in running performance without any obvious increase in VO2max

Question 23

what happens with a-vO2 in the aged? why?

Answer 23

it decreases by 10-30% d/t decreased vascular supply, poorer blood flow, decreased muscle oxidative capacity

Question 24

does everyones VO2max change with the aged? trained or untrained

Answer 24

yes they all decrease at the same rate.

Question 25

Can VO2 trainability in the aged improve with low intensity workouts?

Answer 25

no

Question 26

Can VO2 trainability in the aged improve with moderate/high intensity workouts?

Answer 26

yes VO2 max increases