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CHI280 - Human Anatomy 1 > Lecture 9: Neck > Flashcards

Lecture 9: Neck Flashcards

0
Q

Suprahyoid muscles- nerve Innervation

A

Stylohyoid- facial
Digastric- anterior belly:mylohyoid nerve of mandibular
Posterior belly: facial nerve
Mylohyoid:- mylohyoid nerve of mandibular
Geniohyoid- c1 of cervical nerves

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1
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

A

Stylohyoid
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid

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2
Q

Digastric Attachments

A

Superior:
anterior belly- digastric fossa of mandible
Posterior belly- mastoid notch

Inferior:
Hyoid bone

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3
Q

Mylohyoid attachment

A

Superior:
Mylohyoid line of the mandible

Inferior attachment:
Hyoid bone

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4
Q

Larynx

A 
modifies exit of air for vocalisation 
Innervation
Sensory- internal laryngeal nerve
Motor- recurrent laryngeal nerve
Except cricothryoid muscle which is Innervation by external laryngeal nerve
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5
Q

The hyoid bone is at what level?

A

C3

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6
Q

The larynx is at what level?

A

C4-C6

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7
Q

The thyroid gland is at what level?

A

C5-T1

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8
Q

What makes up the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Anterior border of SCM, Inferior border of mandible, Midline of neck

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9
Q

What makes up the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Posterior border of SCM
Anterior border of trapezius
Middle 1/3 of clavicle

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10
Q

SCM and trapezius innervated by?

A

spinal accessory nerve CN XI

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11
Q

Submental triangle of the neck

A

apex: mandibular Symphysis , base: hyoid bone

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12
Q

Submandibular triangle of the neck

A

between mandible & digastric muscle, filled by submandibular
gland

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13
Q

Carotid triangle of the neck

A

anterior border SCM, posterior belly digastric

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the fascia of the neck?

A

Support viscera and provide “slipperiness” that allows structures to move and pass over one another without difficulty, as when you turn your head.

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15
Q

What are the three cervical fascia of the neck?

A 
• Cervical subcutaneous tissue and platysma 
• Deep cervical fascia 
=> investing layer 
=> pre-tracheal layer 
=>pre-vertebral layer
• Retropharyngeal space
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16
Q

Investing layer of deep cervical fascia does what?

A

“invests” SCM and trapezius

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17
Q

Pre-tracheal layer of deep cervical fascia does what?

A

only anterior neck. Encloses infra-hyoid muscles, thyroid gland, trachea and oesophagus. From hyoid to fibrous pericardium.

18
Q

What is inside the common carotid sheath?

A

encloses common & internal carotid arteries, IJV, CN X, deep cervical lymph nodes, carotid sinus nerve, sympathetic nerve fibres. Extends from cranial base to thorax.

19
Q

Retropharyngeal space permits what movement?

A

movement of pharynx, oesophagus, larynx & trachea relative to
vertebral column during swallowing

20
Q

What is the platysma innervated by?

A

Innervated by cervical branch of facial nerve CN VII

21
Q

Sternocleidomastoid muscle origin insertion action Innervation?

A
  • Superior attachment: mastoid process
  • Inferior attachment: sternum and clavicle
  • innervation: XI Spinal accessory nerve, Branches of the anterior rami of C2-3
22
Q

What are the four infrahyoid muscles and their Innervation?

A
  • Thyrohyoid (C1)
  • Sternohyoid (C1-C3 through ansa cervicalis)
  • Omohyoid (C1-C3 through ansa cervicalis)
  • Sternothyroid (C1-C3 through ansa cervicalis)
23
Q

Sternothyroid superior and inferior attachment and action ?

A
  • Superior attachment: lamina of thyroid cartilage
  • Inferior attachment: manubrium of sternum
  • Actions: Depresses thyroid cartilage (larynx)
24
Q

Sternohyoid superior and inferior attachment and action?

A
  • Superior attachment: manubrium
  • Inferior attachment: hyoid bone
  • Actions: Depresses hyoid bone at the end of swallowing
25
Q

Thyrohyoid superior attachment, Inferior attachment and actions?

A
  • Superior attachment: thyroid cartilage
  • Inferior attachment: hyoid bone
  • Actions: Depresses hyoid bone or raises larynx if hyoid bone is fixed
26
Q

Trapezius superior attachment, inferior attachment, action and Innervation?

A

Superior attachment: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 to T12
Inferior attachment: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula

Actions:
Upper trapezius: elevate the scapula
Middle trapezius: adduction of the scapula
Lower trapezius: depresses the scapula
Rotates the scapula in abduction of humerus above >90 degrees

Innervation: Spinal accessory nerve and
Branches of the anterior rami of C2-3

27
Q

Ansa cervicalis supplies

A
  • STERNOTHYROID
  • STERNOHYOID
  • OMOHYOID
28
Q

Hypoglossal nerve supplies

A 
Intrinsic muscles of tongue 
•GENIOGLOSSUS 
•HYOGLOSSUS 
•GENIOHYOID 
•THYROHYOID 
•STYOLGLOSSUS
29
Q

Structures passing between thorax & head?

A
  • Sympathetic trunk & cervical ganglia (x3)
  • Vagus (CN X) + recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Phrenic (C3, C4, C5)
30
Q

Brachial plexus emerges between?

A

anterior and middle scalene muscles

31
Q

Cervical plexus

A
  • Anterior rami C1-C4
  • Deep to SCM
  • Anteromedial to levator scapulae and middle scalene.
  • Superficial branches = cutaneous sensory
  • Deep branches = motor (phrenic nerve, ansa cervicalis)
32
Q

Cervical plexus nerves

A
  • Lesser occipital (C2)
  • Great auricular (C2 and C3)
  • Transverse cervical (C2 and C3)
  • Supraclavicular (C3 and C4)
33
Q

What is ansa cervicalis?

A

Loop of nerve fibres from C1-C3 that provides motor
innervation to infra-hyoid muscles (sternohyoid, omohyoid,
sternothyroid)

34
Q

What is the course of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

nerve hooks around right subclavian and heads superiorly to

innervate laryngeal muscles.

35
Q

What is the course of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

nerve hooks around 6th aortic arch which becomes ductus arteriosus or ligamentum arteriosum and heads superiorly to innervate laryngeal muscles.

36
Q

Cervical ganglia of sympathetic trunk levels?

A
  • Superior: level C1/C2; large; sends post-synaptic sympathetic fibres into cranial cavity & C1-C4 spinal nerves.
  • Middle: level TP of C6; small; post-synaptic sympathetic fibres to C5-C6 spinal nerves.
  • Inferior: level of TP of C7; star-shaped (“stellate”) when fused with first thoracic ganglion; post-synaptic sympathetic fibres to C7-C8 spinal nerves.
37
Q

Name two endocrine organs?

A

=> thyroid and

=> parathyroid glands

38
Q

Positioning if the thyroid gland?

A

Deep to sternothyroid & sternohyoid muscles

Extends C5-T1

39
Q

Blood supply to the thyroid glands?

A

inferior thyroid artery

40
Q

Parathyroid gland secretes what?

A

• Secrete parathyroid hormone, most important hormone for Ca2+ balance

41
Q

Sympathetic Innervation of parathyroid gland?

A

Cervical ganglia

42
Q

What is the purpose of the larynx?

A

communicates with oropharynx and trachea, modifies exit of air for vocalisation

43
Q

Purpose of the trachea?

A

provides a patent airway, conducts air to lungs

CHI280 - Human Anatomy 1 (22 decks)

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