Lecture 22: Female Reproductive System

Question 0

Paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct gives rise to what three structures?

Answer 0

• Uterine tubes
• Uterus
• Cervix

Question 1

Sex programmed at conception but not visible until what week?

Answer 1

8th-9th week

Question 2

No testosterone, No Mullerian Inhibiting Factor (MIF) does what?

Answer 2

Mesonephric duct regresses therefore PARAMESONEPHRIC
(Mullerian) duct progresses to form uterine tubes, uterus and
cervix

Question 3

Do the ovaries pass through the inguinal canal at any point?

Answer 3

No

Question 4

Ovaries descend from posterior abdominal wall to a point just
inferior to what structure?

Answer 4

Pelvic brim

Question 5

The ovaries are tethered what a structure called what?

Answer 5

gubernaculum

Question 6

Cranial (upper) gubernaculum becomes what?

Answer 6

OVARIAN LIGAMENT

Question 7

Caudal (lower) gubernaculum forms what?

Answer 7

ROUND LIGAMENT OF UTERUS

Question 8

External genitalia not fully differentiated until what week of gestation?

Answer 8

12th weeks

Question 9

The urethral fold forms what structure?

Answer 9

Labia minora

Question 10

The Labioscrotal folds form what structure?

Answer 10

Labia majora

Question 11

What nerve provides motor & sensory innervation to muscles & skin of perineum

Answer 11

Pudendal nerve

Question 12

Bulbospongiosus & Ischiocavernosus are innervated by what nerve?

Answer 12

perineal nerve ( branch of pudendal nerve)

Question 13

What are the muscles called that maintain erection of penis or clitoris by compressing out-flow of veins and pushing blood from root to body of erectile organ?

Answer 13

Bulbospongiosus & Ischiocavernosus

Question 14

What is e Innervation of the clitoris?

Answer 14

Dorsal nerve of clitoris (branch of PUDENDAL)

Question 15

What is the blood supply of the clitoris?

Answer 15

internal pudendal artery (branch of INTERNAL ILIAC)

Question 16

What two nerves innervate the mons pubis and labia majora?

Answer 16

Genitofemoral

Ilioinguinal

Question 17

What nerve innervates the skin above the pubis?

Answer 17

Iliohypogastric nerve

Question 18

Round ligament enters inguinal canal and inserts into what structure?

Answer 18

mons pubis

Question 19

The ovaries are covered by thin white capsule called?

Answer 19

tunica albuginea

Question 20

What are the structures that support the uterus?

Answer 20

• Pelvic floor muscles.
• Bladder.
• Lateral cardinal ligaments.
• Mesometrium portion of broad ligament.
• Round ligaments.
• Uterosacral ligaments.

Question 21

What is the blood supply of the uterine wall?

Answer 21

Uterine artery—> arcuate artery—> radial artery

Question 22

No glands in vaginal mucosa – lubricated by?

Answer 22

cervical mucous glands

Question 23

Name the three layers of the vaginal sheath?

Answer 23

1. adventitia;
2. muscularis;
3. Mucosa – marked by rugae .

Question 24

The uterine wall has three layers what are these?

Answer 24

* Perimetrium: visceral peritoneum * Myometrium: thick muscular * Endometrium: mucosal

Question 25

Within the endometrial layer of the uterine wall there are two important layers, what are these?

Answer 25

* Stratum functionalis “functional layer” | * Stratum basalis “basal layer”

Question 26

Ovarian arteries branch from what?

Answer 26

Abdominal aorta

Question 27

The uterine arteries which branches to form the vaginal arteries are branches of which major artery?

Answer 27

Internal iliac artery

Question 28

Which two arteries anastomose to provide collateral circulation from abdominal and pelvic sources?

Answer 28

Ovarian and uterine arteries

Question 29

Describe the nut-cracker phenomenon?

Answer 29

• Superior mesenteric artery overlies the left renal vein. • Left renal vein drains left ovary, left sides of uterus, bladder, vagina, urethra, rectum. • Congestion of organs and collateral vessels can cause pain.

Question 30

The pudendal nerve comes from what levels and what is its major site of Innervation?

Answer 30

S2-S4 sacral plexus | Main nerve to innervate the perineum

Question 31

What nerve does chief sensory nerve of the external genitalia?

Answer 31

Pudendal nerve

Question 32

Describe the route of the pudendal nerve?

Answer 32

it leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen between the piriformis and coccygeus muscles. It then hooks around the ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament and enters the perineum through the lesser sciatic foramen

Question 33

What is endometriosis?

Answer 33

• Endometrium growing outside uterus. • Pain: severe cramping on both sides of pelvis, radiating down lower back and rectal area and down legs.

Question 34

What dermatome does endometriosis direct pain to?

Answer 34

T12-L2 (uterus above pelvis pain line)

Question 35

What is uterine fibroids causing sciatica?

Answer 35

Fibroids forming in the uterus, causing it to enlarge and press on the sciatic nerve, because above pelvic pain line sends visceral afferents so T12-L2 dermatome