Lecture 22: Female Reproductive System Flashcards
Paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct gives rise to what three structures?
- Uterine tubes
- Uterus
- Cervix
Sex programmed at conception but not visible until what week?
8th-9th week
No testosterone, No Mullerian Inhibiting Factor (MIF) does what?
Mesonephric duct regresses therefore PARAMESONEPHRIC
(Mullerian) duct progresses to form uterine tubes, uterus and
cervix
Do the ovaries pass through the inguinal canal at any point?
No
Ovaries descend from posterior abdominal wall to a point just
inferior to what structure?
Pelvic brim
The ovaries are tethered what a structure called what?
gubernaculum
Cranial (upper) gubernaculum becomes what?
OVARIAN LIGAMENT
Caudal (lower) gubernaculum forms what?
ROUND LIGAMENT OF UTERUS
External genitalia not fully differentiated until what week of gestation?
12th weeks
The urethral fold forms what structure?
Labia minora
The Labioscrotal folds form what structure?
Labia majora
What nerve provides motor & sensory innervation to muscles & skin of perineum
Pudendal nerve
Bulbospongiosus & Ischiocavernosus are innervated by what nerve?
perineal nerve ( branch of pudendal nerve)
What are the muscles called that maintain erection of penis or clitoris by compressing out-flow of veins and pushing blood from root to body of erectile organ?
Bulbospongiosus & Ischiocavernosus
What is e Innervation of the clitoris?
Dorsal nerve of clitoris (branch of PUDENDAL)
What is the blood supply of the clitoris?
internal pudendal artery (branch of INTERNAL ILIAC)
What two nerves innervate the mons pubis and labia majora?
Genitofemoral
Ilioinguinal
What nerve innervates the skin above the pubis?
Iliohypogastric nerve
Round ligament enters inguinal canal and inserts into what structure?
mons pubis
The ovaries are covered by thin white capsule called?
tunica albuginea
What are the structures that support the uterus?
- Pelvic floor muscles.
- Bladder.
- Lateral cardinal ligaments.
- Mesometrium portion of broad ligament.
- Round ligaments.
- Uterosacral ligaments.
What is the blood supply of the uterine wall?
Uterine artery—> arcuate artery—> radial artery
No glands in vaginal mucosa – lubricated by?
cervical mucous glands
Name the three layers of the vaginal sheath?
- adventitia;
- muscularis;
- Mucosa – marked by rugae .
The uterine wall has three layers what are these?
- Perimetrium: visceral peritoneum
- Myometrium: thick muscular
- Endometrium: mucosal
Within the endometrial layer of the uterine wall there are two important layers, what are these?
- Stratum functionalis “functional layer”
* Stratum basalis “basal layer”
Ovarian arteries branch from what?
Abdominal aorta
The uterine arteries which branches to form the vaginal arteries are branches of which major artery?
Internal iliac artery
Which two arteries anastomose to provide collateral circulation from abdominal and pelvic sources?
Ovarian and uterine arteries
Describe the nut-cracker phenomenon?
• Superior mesenteric artery overlies the left renal vein.
• Left renal vein drains left ovary, left sides of uterus, bladder,
vagina, urethra, rectum.
• Congestion of organs and collateral vessels can cause pain.
The pudendal nerve comes from what levels and what is its major site of Innervation?
S2-S4 sacral plexus
Main nerve to innervate the perineum
What nerve does chief sensory nerve of the external genitalia?
Pudendal nerve
Describe the route of the pudendal nerve?
it leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen between the piriformis and coccygeus muscles. It then hooks around the ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament and enters the perineum through the lesser sciatic foramen
What is endometriosis?
• Endometrium growing outside uterus.
• Pain: severe cramping on both sides of pelvis, radiating down
lower back and rectal area and down legs.
What dermatome does endometriosis direct pain to?
T12-L2 (uterus above pelvis pain line)
What is uterine fibroids causing sciatica?
Fibroids forming in the uterus, causing it to enlarge and press on the sciatic nerve, because above pelvic pain line sends visceral afferents so T12-L2 dermatome
