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CHI280 - Human Anatomy 1 > Lecture 10: Heart > Flashcards

Lecture 10: Heart Flashcards

0
Q

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around what structure?

A

the ductus arteriosus in foetus and the ligamentum arteriosum in adults

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1
Q

Right recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around what structure?

A

Right subclavian artery

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2
Q

Coronary sinus delivers what where?

A

Deoxygenated blood from myocardium to right atrium

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3
Q

Function of papillary muscles?

A

Contracts, pulls down on chordinae tendinae which pulls down on valves, closing them

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4
Q

What kind of valve is in the right atrium?

A

Tricuspid valve

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5
Q

What the sympathetic Innervation of the heart? Include pre-synaptic and post-synaptic

A

Pre-synaptic from T1-T5 IML
Post-synaptic from cervical and superior thoracic sympathetic ganglia, end in SA and AV nodes
Increases HR and force of contractions

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6
Q

What’s the parasympathetic Innervation of the heart? Include pre-synaptic and post-synaptic

A

Pre-synaptic fibres from vagus nerve
Post-synaptic fibres from intrinsic ganglia to SA and AV nodes and coronary arteries
Decrease HR and decrease force of contractions

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7
Q

What is the first function system is the embryo?

A

Cardiovascular

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8
Q

How old is the embryo when the heart starts beating?

A

21-22 days old

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9
Q

The heart begins to develop at what age?

A

Mid third week

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10
Q

What is the fossa ovalis?

A

Depression in intra-atrial septum; former site of foramen ovale

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11
Q

Which atrium is thicker right or left?

A

Left

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12
Q

Septa develop to separate atrium and ventricle, this is complete by what week?

A

5th week

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13
Q

1st pair of aortic arches become what?

A

Maxillary artery in the head

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14
Q

What happens to the second pair of aortic arches?

A

Disappears

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15
Q

Third pair of aortic arches become what?

A

Common carotid and internal carotid

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16
Q

Four pair of aortic arches becomes what?

A

Right subclavian and aortic arch

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17
Q

Fifth pair of aortic arches becomes what?

A

Degenerates

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18
Q

Sixth pair of aortic arches becomes what?

A

Ductus arteriosus and part of the pulmonary artery

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19
Q

At 8 weeks the fifth and six aortic arches degenerate therefore the right recurrent laryngeal nerve moves superior to hook around what structure?

A

Right subclavian artery

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20
Q

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around the sixth aortic arch known at what?

A

Ductus arteriosus

21
Q

Foetus receives oxygenated blood from the mother via?

A

Umbilical vein

22
Q

Most blood bypasses the liver via what structure?

A

Ductus venosus

23
Q

Blood from IVC enters right atrium and some flows to left atrium directly through which structure?

A

Foramen ovale

24
Q

Most blood in the pulmonary trunk is shunted to the aorta to bypass the lungs via what structure?

A

Ductus arteriosus

25
Q

Which nerve provides sensory Innervation to the pericardium of the heart?

A

Phrenic nerve

26
Q

Pain sensation carried by phrenic nerve are referred to what dermatome?

A

C3-C5

27
Q

Which ventricle occupies most of the anterior surface of the heart?

A

Right ventricle

28
Q

What is the epicardium?

A

Serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium, attached to the Muscle of the wall of the heart

29
Q

What is the myocardium?

A

Muscle of the heart

30
Q

What do the right and left coronary artery supply?

A

Myocardium and epicardium

31
Q

Where do the coronary arteries originate from?

A

Base of ascending aorta

32
Q

Coronary arteries are function end arteries, if there is a blockage what can happen?

A

Myocardial infarction

33
Q

The left coronary artery branches into what two structures?

A

Left circumflex artery and the anterior inter-ventricular artery

34
Q

The right coronary artery sends out a sinoatrial nodal branch to supply what?

A

SA node

35
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary veins?

A

Deliver oxygenated blood from lungs into left atrium

36
Q

The coronary sinus delivers de oxygenated blood from what?

A

Myocardium to right atrium

37
Q

Wat is the function of papillary muscle?

A

To pull chordinae tendinae, therefore closing valves

38
Q

The right atrium has a remnant know as fossa ovalis, what did this use to be?

A

Foramen ovale

39
Q

What is another name for the moderator band and what is its function

A

Septomarginal trabecula- shortcut for conduction from interventricular septum to anterior papillary muscles for synchrones contraction of right ventricle

40
Q

How quick does the SA node fire

A

70 times/min

41
Q

Heart conduction summary: SA node fires, cardiac muscle of right atrium conducts and contracts, impulse reaches AV node, travels from AV node down the interventricular septum via AV bundles. AV bundles branch to purkinje fibres that supply papillary muscles and walls of ventricles

A

,

42
Q

Sympathetic Innervation provides more oxygen to the myocardium at what time?

A

During increased activity

43
Q

The phrenic nerve passes…….. To the lung root

A

Anterior

44
Q

The vagus nerve passes …… To the lung root?

A

Posterior

45
Q

Explain cardiac referred pain including visceral and somatic fibres

A

Visceral afferent fibres carrying pain travel with sympathetic fibres to the T1-T5 spinal cord which synapse in dorsal root ganglion.
Somatic (skeletal muscle) afferent fibres carrying pain also synapse in the dorsal root ganglion. Confuses the brain

46
Q

The umbilical vein becomes what in a new born?

A

Ligamentum teres

47
Q

The ductus venous becomes what in a new born?

A

Ligamentum venosum

48
Q

The umbilical arteries become what in a new born?

A

Medial umbilical ligaments

49
Q

What is another name for the pacemaker and what does it do?

A

Sinoatrial node, sets the rhythm of the beating of the heart

CHI280 - Human Anatomy 1 (22 decks)

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