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CHI280 - Human Anatomy 1 > Lecture 21: Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Lecture 21: Male Reproductive System Flashcards

0
Q

Remainder of mesonephric duct becomes?

A

the ductus (Vas) deferens and ejaculatory duct.

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1
Q

The proximal mesonephric duct in a embryo becomes what?

A

epididymis

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2
Q

Maculinisation of external genitalia ONLY in presence of?

A

testosterone

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3
Q

Testicular descent: 7 months: testosterone stimulates?

A

descent of testes from pelvis to scrotum.

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4
Q

Testicular descent:

Descent guided by what?

A

gubernaculum extending from testis to floor of scrotal sac.

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5
Q

Testicular descent:

Drags supplying blood vessels and nerves along behind, this forms what?

A

spermatic cord

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6
Q

The penis is made up of three major structures, what are these?

A

• Root (crura, bulb, ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus
muscles)
• Body.
• Glans.

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7
Q

The penis has three cylinders of cavernous tissue, what are these?

A

2x corpora cavernosa (dorsal*)

1x corpus spongiosum (ventral*).

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8
Q

What is the blood supply, venous drainage and Innervation of the penis?

A

Blood supply: internal pudendal arteries, external pudendal arteries, deep arteries, arteries of the bulb (mainly dorsal arteries).
Venous drainage: deep and superficial dorsal veins
Innervation: dorsal nerve of the penis ( branch of pudendal)

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9
Q

Venous drainage of the penis?

A

deep and superficial dorsal veins.

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10
Q

Why is he dorsal vein of the penis names this when it sits on the ventral aspect?

A

Because when the penis is erect, the vein sits on the dorsal surface

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11
Q

What are the layers of the scrotum?

A
  • Skin
  • Dartos fascia and dartos muscle
  • External spermatic fascia
  • Cremaster muscle
  • Cremasteric fascia
  • Internal spermatic fascia
  • Tunica vaginalis (parietal)
  • Tunica vaginalis (visceral)
  • Tunica albuginea (innermost layer covering testis)
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12
Q

The testis are suspended in the scrotum by what structure?

A

Spermatic cord

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13
Q

What is tunica vaginalis?

A

visceral & parietal layers of peritoneum around testes

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14
Q

What is tunica albuginea?

A

“white coat” tough fibrous outer surface of testis.

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15
Q

Tunica albuginea forms what inside testis?

A

Septa

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16
Q

What is the route of mature spermatozoa?

A

Mature spermatozoa move from seminiferous tubules through rete testis and efferent ductules to be stored in the epididymis awaiting ejaculation

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17
Q

Blood supply of testes?

A
  • Testicular arteries

* Artery of ductus deferens

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18
Q

Venous drainage of testes?

A
  • Pampiniform plexus to right testicular vein to IVC

* Pampiniform plexus to left testicular vein to Left renal vein.

19
Q

Spermatic cord contains what structures?

A
  • Ductus deferens
  • Testicular artery
  • Artery of ductus deferens
  • Cremasteric artery
  • Pampiniform plexus
  • Sympathetic nerve fibres
  • Genitofemoral nerve
  • Lymphatic vessels
20
Q

The spermatic cord has three coverings, what are these?

A
  • Internal spermatic fascia
  • Cremasteric fascia
  • External spermatic fascia
21
Q

The cremasteric fascia is derived from what?

A

Derived from fascia of internal obliques and contains loops of cremaster muscle

22
Q

The internal spermatic fascia is derived from what?

A

derived from transversalis fascia

23
Q

The external spermatic fascia is derived from what?

A

derived from external oblique aponeurosis and fascia

24
Q

Cremaster muscle innervated by?

A

genitofemoral nerves (L1-L2)

25
Q

Spermatic Cord begins where?

A

deep inguinal ring lateral to inferior epigastric vessels.

26
Q

The spermatic cord exits at?

A

superficial inguinal ring.

27
Q

The spermatic cord ends where?

A

in scrotum at posterior pole of testis

28
Q

The vas deferens crosses over what structure to enter the pelvis?

A

External iliac vessels

29
Q

Seminal VESICLE is located where in relation to the bladder, rectum and prostate?

A

Posterior to bladder
Anterior to rectum
Superior to prostate

30
Q

What do the seminal VESICLE secrete?

A

thick alkaline fluid with fructose and coagulating agent that
mixes with sperm as they enter the ejaculatory duct and urethra

31
Q

Ejaculatory Ducts formed by union of what two structures?

A

ducts of seminal vesicles with ductus deferens

32
Q

Prostatic secretions join seminal fluid in prostatic

urethra AFTER what?

A

ejaculatory ducts have terminated

33
Q

Prostatic secretion secretes what structure?

A

1/3 of semen volume; milky, slightly acidic contains citrate and
enzymes that activates sperm.

34
Q

Prostatic secretion goes where?

A

Enters prostatic urethra via ducts when prostatic smooth muscle contracts during ejaculation.

35
Q

Name a condition of the prostate?

A

Benign hypertrophy of the prostate (BHP) is common after middle
age.
Enlarged prostate projects into urinary bladder and distorts
prostatic urethra impeding urination

36
Q

What happens to urination due to an inflamed prostate?

A

Enlarged prostate projects into urinary bladder and distorts prostatic urethra impeding urination

37
Q

What is a TURP and what does it involve?

A

Transurethral resection of prostate. Involved sectioning and removing parts of the prostate through the penis with no external incision

38
Q

Bulbourethral Gland Innervation?

A

Under parasympathetic stimulation: Secrete clear mucous-like fluid during sexual arousal which neutralises traces of acidic urine in the urethra and lubricates glans penis.

39
Q

Name the four parts of the male urethra?

A
  1. Intramural
  2. Prostatic part [3-4 cm]
  3. Intermediate
  4. Spongy urethra [15cm]
40
Q

Innervation of internal genital organs of the male? Sympathetic and parasympathetic

A

• Pre-synaptic sympathetic fibres originating from T12-L3
to sympathetic trunk to lumbar splanchnic nerves/hypogastric and pelvic plexuses.

• Pre-synaptic parasympathetic fibres originate from S2-S3 to
pelvic splanchnic nerves to inferior hypogastric/pelvic plexuses.
Synapses with post-synaptic sympathetic/parasympathetic neurons occur within plexuses.

41
Q

Ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts and prostate richly innervated by what type of fibres?

A

Sympathetic fibres

42
Q

What is the processes of erection?

A 
• Parasympathetic stimulation 
↓ 
• Nitric oxide release 
↓ 
• Relaxation (dilation) of vascular smooth muscle 
↓ 
• Engorgement of erectile bodies with blood (compresses 
drainage veins -> retards blood outflow)
43
Q

What is the processes of ejaculation?

A

• Ducts and glands contract to empty secretions—>internal urethral sphincter closes(sympathetic via lumbar splanchnic nerves) —-> bulbospongiosus muscles contracts from pudendal nerves—->peristaltic-like contractions of ductus deferens via sympathetic stimulation

44
Q

What is the Innervation of the testes?

A

Posterior scrotal nerve

CHI280 - Human Anatomy 1 (22 decks)

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