Lecture 9 - Glucose Metabolism Flashcards
4 steps to Glucose Metabolism (Cellular Respiration)
Glycolysis
Preparatory Reactions
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
True/False: mechanics of aerobic and anaerobic respiration are the same
true
What makes aerobic and anaerobic respiration different
in anaerobic, something other than oxygen is used to extract energy from the organic molecules in the very last step
Fermentation occurs under 2 conditions:
- don’t have mitochondria
2. when your cells are using more energy than you can produce in your mitochondria alone (exercising)
Does preparatory reactions make ATP
no
which process produces the most electron carriers
kreb’s cycle
which process produces the most ATP
electron transport chain
list efficiency of the first 3 steps from most to least efficient:
- aerobic: because it uses oxygen
- anaerobic: difference = what you use at ehe end
- fermentation
ultimately where does the energy in our cells come from
originates in the sun…this is why energy has a constant flow
Which step can ALL cells do? Why?
glycolysis, because you don’t have to have mitochondria for this step
what’s the name of the process that electron transport chain uses to make ATP
chemiosmotic phosphorylation (pumping H+ ions against gradient = active transport)
When do humans use fermenation?
when we exercise
because we exceed the energy production for aerobic alone and we use more energy than we make…..this causes us to make extra round of glycolysis…..for every extra round of glycolysis we get a lactic acid….too much lactic acid = O2 deficit = fatigue
where is most ATP in mitochondria produced
in the cristae (folds)
True/False: Glycolysis can only proceed as fast as electrons are recycled
true
what process breaks down sugars
glycolysis….monomers get broken down even further
Glycolysis:
you have to put energy in to start the process =
activation
Glycolysis:
in the end, takes glucose and breaks it down to 3 carbon molecules called ______
pyruvate
what process prepares end products of glycolysis to enter mitochondria
preparatory reactions
what happens in preparatory reactions
break covalent bonds = energy = very highly energy 2 carbon molecule (acetol) = makes NADH
What happens in the Kreb’s cycles
monomer = fully broken down into parts (mainly CO2)
where does the Kreb’s cycle takes place
matrix of mitochondria
this is where majority of e- carriers are produced
what happens in Citric Acid Cycle
FADH2 = make electron energy
- by the end, all Carbons that made up glucose are gone
Just Study the answer to this one
Electron Transport Chain
- almost identical to how thylakoids make ATP
- chemiosmotic phosphorylation = generates most ATP
- dump energized e- into here
what fuels chemiosmotic phosphorylation
NADPH and ADP
2 ways fermentation goes about when there is no mitochondria
alcohol
lactic acid
enzymes use the energy from e- carriers to split pyruvate into alcohol and CO2
alcohol fermentation
takes pyruvate and doesn’t break away covalent bonds, it changes the chemical structure of tis so it becomes acidic
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Study this answer too…it’s also about Electron Transport Chain
- Crista
- e- transport carriers from glycolysis, preparatory reactions, and kreb’s cycle dump their e- into e- transport chain
- energy from the e- is used to pump H+ ions across the membrane into that innermembrane space
- as H+ ions leak back in = ATP synthase generate ATP
- here’s where difference between aerobic and anaerobic comes into play
- aerobic: uses O2 to produce ATP
- anaerobic: uses something other than O2 to produce ATP
when O2 grabs e- = combines with H+ to form H2O
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