Lecture 9 - Glucose Metabolism

Question 1

4 steps to Glucose Metabolism (Cellular Respiration)

Answer 1

Glycolysis
Preparatory Reactions
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

Question 2

True/False: mechanics of aerobic and anaerobic respiration are the same

Answer 2

true

Question 3

What makes aerobic and anaerobic respiration different

Answer 3

in anaerobic, something other than oxygen is used to extract energy from the organic molecules in the very last step

Question 4

Fermentation occurs under 2 conditions:

Answer 4

1. don’t have mitochondria

2. when your cells are using more energy than you can produce in your mitochondria alone (exercising)

Question 5

Does preparatory reactions make ATP

Answer 5

no

Question 6

which process produces the most electron carriers

Answer 6

kreb’s cycle

Question 7

which process produces the most ATP

Answer 7

electron transport chain

Question 8

list efficiency of the first 3 steps from most to least efficient:

Answer 8

1. aerobic: because it uses oxygen
2. anaerobic: difference = what you use at ehe end
3. fermentation

Question 9

ultimately where does the energy in our cells come from

Answer 9

originates in the sun…this is why energy has a constant flow

Question 10

Which step can ALL cells do? Why?

Answer 10

glycolysis, because you don’t have to have mitochondria for this step

Question 11

what’s the name of the process that electron transport chain uses to make ATP

Answer 11

chemiosmotic phosphorylation (pumping H+ ions against gradient = active transport)

Question 12

When do humans use fermenation?

Answer 12

when we exercise

because we exceed the energy production for aerobic alone and we use more energy than we make…..this causes us to make extra round of glycolysis…..for every extra round of glycolysis we get a lactic acid….too much lactic acid = O2 deficit = fatigue

Question 13

where is most ATP in mitochondria produced

Answer 13

in the cristae (folds)

Question 14

True/False: Glycolysis can only proceed as fast as electrons are recycled

Answer 14

true

Question 15

what process breaks down sugars

Answer 15

glycolysis….monomers get broken down even further

Question 16

Glycolysis:

you have to put energy in to start the process =

Answer 16

activation

Question 17

Glycolysis:

in the end, takes glucose and breaks it down to 3 carbon molecules called ______

Answer 17

pyruvate

Question 18

what process prepares end products of glycolysis to enter mitochondria

Answer 18

preparatory reactions

Question 19

what happens in preparatory reactions

Answer 19

break covalent bonds = energy = very highly energy 2 carbon molecule (acetol) = makes NADH

Question 20

What happens in the Kreb’s cycles

Answer 20

monomer = fully broken down into parts (mainly CO2)

Question 21

where does the Kreb’s cycle takes place

Answer 21

matrix of mitochondria

this is where majority of e- carriers are produced

Question 22

what happens in Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 22

FADH2 = make electron energy

- by the end, all Carbons that made up glucose are gone

Question 23

Just Study the answer to this one

Answer 23

Electron Transport Chain

• almost identical to how thylakoids make ATP
• chemiosmotic phosphorylation = generates most ATP
• dump energized e- into here

Question 24

what fuels chemiosmotic phosphorylation

Answer 24

NADPH and ADP

Question 25

2 ways fermentation goes about when there is no mitochondria

Answer 25

alcohol

lactic acid

Question 26

enzymes use the energy from e- carriers to split pyruvate into alcohol and CO2

Answer 26

alcohol fermentation

Question 27

takes pyruvate and doesn’t break away covalent bonds, it changes the chemical structure of tis so it becomes acidic

Answer 27

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Question 28

Study this answer too…it’s also about Electron Transport Chain

Answer 28

• Crista
• e- transport carriers from glycolysis, preparatory reactions, and kreb’s cycle dump their e- into e- transport chain
• energy from the e- is used to pump H+ ions across the membrane into that innermembrane space
• as H+ ions leak back in = ATP synthase generate ATP
  - here’s where difference between aerobic and anaerobic comes into play
  - aerobic: uses O2 to produce ATP
  - anaerobic: uses something other than O2 to produce ATP

Question 29

when O2 grabs e- = combines with H+ to form H2O

Answer 29

FREEBEE