Lecture 6 - Cell Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

6 features common to all cells

A
– Cell membrane
– Cytoplasm 
– Genetic information, DNA 
– RNA participates in producing proteins
– Ribosomes manufacture proteins  
– Proteins carry out cell’s work
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2
Q

complex cells have _________

A

organelles

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3
Q

compartments for specialized functions

A

organelles

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4
Q

bacteria is what type of cell (prokaryotic or eukaryotic)

A

prokaryotic

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5
Q

two types of cells

A

prokaryotic

eukaryotic

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6
Q

humans, plants, and fungi have what type of cells

A

eukaryotic

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7
Q

what type of cells have all the essentials and don’ protect their DNA

A

prokaryotic

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8
Q

why don’t prokaryotes protect their DNA

A

because they don’t have a nucleus

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9
Q

what type of cells extremely protect their DNA and how

A

eukaryotic, they have a nucleus(so big you can see it with a light microscope)

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10
Q

4 types of connections between cells

A

adhesion/anchoring junction
tight junction
gap junction
plasmodesmata

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11
Q

what type of connection between cells link cytoplasm of adjacent cells

A

gap junction

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12
Q

what type of connection between cells forms impermeable membrane

A

tight junction

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13
Q

what type of connection between cells is a narrow thread of cytoplasm that passes through the cel walls of adjacent plant cells and allows communication between them

A

plasmodesmata

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14
Q

what type of connection between cells connect cells by linking intermediate filaments

A

adhesion junction

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15
Q

what are cell membranes made out of

A

lipids and proteins

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16
Q

5 characteristics of phosphlipids

A
  • glycerol
  • 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group
  • hydrophilic head
  • hydrophobic tails
  • spontaneously form phospholipids bilayer
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17
Q

describe fluid mosaic

A

proteins and phospholipids free to move literally within the bilayer

18
Q

purpose of the cell membrane

A

regulate what goes in and out of the cell

19
Q

purpose of ribosomes

A

read RNA & make proteins

20
Q

describe ribosomes in the cytoplasm

A

protein not associated with membrane, just free floating in cytoplasm

21
Q

describe ribosomes in RER

A

proteins released from cell or fused with membrane or part of another organelle membrane

22
Q

what type of cells contains a nuclear envelope

A

eukaryotic

23
Q

studded with ribosomes making proteins destined for secretion (like milk)
• Proteins folded and modified

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

24
Q

synthesizes lipids, detoxifies drugs and poisons

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticululm

25
Q

2 steps of Smooth ER

A
  1. packages ribosomes from RER in a vesicle

2. reconstitutes itself, its where more phospholipids are made

26
Q

what part of endomembrane system attaches carbs to ribosomes

A

golgi-apparatus

27
Q

list 4 characteristics of the golgi apparatus

A

– Processing center for vesicle contents
– Proteins complete intricate folding and become functional
– Some proteins will become membrane surface proteins
– Others packaged for secretion from the cell

28
Q

what organelle of a cell is the suicide sac

A

lysosome

29
Q

– Contain enzymes that lyse substrates

– Specific pH inside prevents enzymes from damaging cell

A

lysosome

30
Q

– Found in plants
– Enzymes degrade and recycle materials
– Important in growth and maintaining rigidity

A

vacuoles

31
Q

what organelle of a cell is a storage contianer

A

vacuole

32
Q

– Dispose of toxic substances
– Some reactions produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
– Enzyme produces harmless water molecules

A

Peroxisomes

33
Q
  • Deficiency in an enzyme that breaks down lipids in cells that surround nerve cells.
  • Lipids accumulate and affect nerve function
A

Tay-Sachs disease

34
Q
  • Absent peroxisomal enzyme
  • Type of lipid builds up in brain and spinal cord
  • Loss of control over limbs
A

Adrenoleukodystrophy

35
Q

– Site of photosynthesis
– Uses energy from sunlight to produce glucose
– Occurs specifically in thylakoids

A

Chloroplasts

36
Q

– Cellular respiration extracts energy from food
– Cristae contain enzymes for cellular respiration
– Also contains its own DNA

A

Mitochondria

37
Q

Cytoskeleton

• list 3 major components distinguished by protein type, diameter, and aggregation

A

microtubules
microfilament
intermediate filaments

38
Q
Which major component of cytoskeleton 
– Provides for many cellular movements
– “Trackway” within cell 
– Cilia 
– short, many 
– Flagella 
– long, few
A

microtubule

39
Q

Which major component of cytoskeleton
–Actin
– Machinery to move

A

microfilament

40
Q

Which major component of cytoskeleton
– Made of different proteins in different specialized cell types
– Internal scaffold for cell

A

intermediate filaments