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Biology 1010 > Lecture 5 - Organic Molecules > Flashcards

Lecture 5 - Organic Molecules Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

chemistry of the living world

A

organic chemstry

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2
Q

chemical compounds that contain both Carbon and Hydrogen are considered _________

A

organic

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3
Q

6 organic molecules found in the body

A 
C
H
N
O
P
S
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4
Q

describe dehydration synthesis

A

Monomer –> polymer

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5
Q

describe hydrolysis

A

break covalent bonds = polymer –> monomer = releases energy

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6
Q

name 4 organic groups

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

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7
Q

organic molecules that contain a Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen

A

Carbohydrates

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8
Q

4 types of Carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides/Sugars
Oligosaccharides

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9
Q

3 types of Monosaccharides

A

glucose
fructose
galactose

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10
Q

3 types of disaccharides

A

sucrose
lactose
maltose

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11
Q

4 types of Polysaccharides/Sugars

A

starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin

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12
Q

what is starch used for

A

plant energy storage

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13
Q

what is glycogen used for

A

animal & fungi energy storage

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14
Q

what is cellulose used for

A

nondigestible cell walls of plants

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15
Q

what is chitin used for

A

exoskeleton of crabs, lobsters, & insects

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16
Q

True/False: Sugars/Polysaccharides are simple carbs

A

FALSE! They are COMPLEX carbs

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17
Q

what do oligosaccharides do

A

attach to protein on the cell membrane (use for cell-recognition) (blood type and tissues)

18
Q

name 3 types of lipids

A

triglycerides
phospholipids
sterols

19
Q

name 3 characteristics of lipids

A
  • hydrophobic
  • lg. areas with nonpolar bonds
  • not polymers made of monomers
20
Q

2 types of triglycerides

A

saturated

unsaturated

21
Q

what does it mean to be a saturated triglyceride

A

saturated with Hydrogen single bond between Carbon = extremely linear

22
Q

what does it mean to be an unsaturated triglyceride

A

any triglyceride with greater than or equal to 2 bonds between Carbons

23
Q

what makes phospholipids unique

A

they have a phosphate head which is hydrophilic (tails are hydrophobic)

24
Q

True/False: all cells are coated with the phospholipid bilayer

A

True

25
Q

Name 1 characteristic of a sterol and what it is used for

A

Characteristic: 4 interconnected/fused Carbon rings
Use: cholesterol used in cell membrane & to make other lipids

26
Q

Building blocks of proteins

A

amino acids = monomers

27
Q

what does the R group in proteins do

A

distinguishes 3-D structure

28
Q

4 folding steps of proteins

A
  1. Primary
  2. Secondary
  3. Tertiary
  4. Quaternary
29
Q

Which protein folding step is the overall shape arising from interaction between R groups and H2O (single peptide chain)

A

Tertiary

30
Q

Which protein folding step is the amino acid sequence determined (pre-determined) by genetic code/DNA

A

Primary

31
Q

Which protein folding step has interactions from coils, sheets, and loops

A

Secondary

32
Q

Which protein folding step has interactions between multiple polypeptide subunites

A

Quaternary

33
Q

Describe denaturation

A

loss of structure = loss of function due to CHANGE in heat, salt, or pH

34
Q

True/False: light/UV causes denaturation

A

FALSE! It’s a CHANGE in heat, salt, or pH that triggers it

35
Q

is keratine a Carb, Lipid, Protein, or Nucleic Acid

A

Protein

36
Q

2 characteristics of Keratin

A
  • water repellent

- structure stability (can be hard, soft, middle, etc.)

37
Q

3 types of Nucleic Acids

A

DNA
RNA
ATP

38
Q

describe DNA

A

hereditary material

39
Q

describe RNA

A

transitional copy of material

40
Q

describe ATP

A

short lived energy

41
Q

True/False: Some monosaccharides belong to other groups than Carbohydrates

A

True

Biology 1010 (18 decks)

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