Lecture 5 - Organic Molecules Flashcards
chemistry of the living world
organic chemstry
chemical compounds that contain both Carbon and Hydrogen are considered _________
organic
6 organic molecules found in the body
C H N O P S
describe dehydration synthesis
Monomer –> polymer
describe hydrolysis
break covalent bonds = polymer –> monomer = releases energy
name 4 organic groups
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
organic molecules that contain a Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen
Carbohydrates
4 types of Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides/Sugars
Oligosaccharides
3 types of Monosaccharides
glucose
fructose
galactose
3 types of disaccharides
sucrose
lactose
maltose
4 types of Polysaccharides/Sugars
starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin
what is starch used for
plant energy storage
what is glycogen used for
animal & fungi energy storage
what is cellulose used for
nondigestible cell walls of plants
what is chitin used for
exoskeleton of crabs, lobsters, & insects
True/False: Sugars/Polysaccharides are simple carbs
FALSE! They are COMPLEX carbs
what do oligosaccharides do
attach to protein on the cell membrane (use for cell-recognition) (blood type and tissues)
name 3 types of lipids
triglycerides
phospholipids
sterols
name 3 characteristics of lipids
- hydrophobic
- lg. areas with nonpolar bonds
- not polymers made of monomers
2 types of triglycerides
saturated
unsaturated
what does it mean to be a saturated triglyceride
saturated with Hydrogen single bond between Carbon = extremely linear
what does it mean to be an unsaturated triglyceride
any triglyceride with greater than or equal to 2 bonds between Carbons
what makes phospholipids unique
they have a phosphate head which is hydrophilic (tails are hydrophobic)
True/False: all cells are coated with the phospholipid bilayer
True
Name 1 characteristic of a sterol and what it is used for
Characteristic: 4 interconnected/fused Carbon rings
Use: cholesterol used in cell membrane & to make other lipids
Building blocks of proteins
amino acids = monomers
what does the R group in proteins do
distinguishes 3-D structure
4 folding steps of proteins
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
- Quaternary
Which protein folding step is the overall shape arising from interaction between R groups and H2O (single peptide chain)
Tertiary
Which protein folding step is the amino acid sequence determined (pre-determined) by genetic code/DNA
Primary
Which protein folding step has interactions from coils, sheets, and loops
Secondary
Which protein folding step has interactions between multiple polypeptide subunites
Quaternary
Describe denaturation
loss of structure = loss of function due to CHANGE in heat, salt, or pH
True/False: light/UV causes denaturation
FALSE! It’s a CHANGE in heat, salt, or pH that triggers it
is keratine a Carb, Lipid, Protein, or Nucleic Acid
Protein
2 characteristics of Keratin
- water repellent
- structure stability (can be hard, soft, middle, etc.)
3 types of Nucleic Acids
DNA
RNA
ATP
describe DNA
hereditary material
describe RNA
transitional copy of material
describe ATP
short lived energy
True/False: Some monosaccharides belong to other groups than Carbohydrates
True
