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Biology 1010 > Lecture 7 - Biological Energy > Flashcards

Lecture 7 - Biological Energy Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

stored energy available to do work

A

potential energy

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2
Q

(< , >) covalent bonds = > potential energy

A

>

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3
Q

energy being used to do work

A

kinetic energy

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4
Q

list 4 examples of kinetic energy

A

movement, light (photons), heat, electricity

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5
Q

List the 2 Laws of Thermodynamics

A

First: all energy is conserved
Second: all energy transformations are inefficient

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6
Q

Which Law of Thermodynamics:

  • energy can’t be created nor destroyed
  • only converted to other forms (burning wood)
  • energy transformations sustaining life are similar in all organisms
A

First

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7
Q

Which Law of Thermodynamics:

  • lose some energy as heat
    entropy (organization to disorganization)
  • organisms must use incoming energy & matter to remain organized
A

Second

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8
Q

Describe Entropy

A

randomness, high to low concentration (organized to disorganized)

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9
Q

True/False: The Second Law of Thermodynamics explains that organisms must use incoming energy & matter to remain organized

A

True

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10
Q

sum of all reactions in cells

A

metabolism

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11
Q

product of one reaction becomes substrate of another

A

chemical reactions

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12
Q

two types of chemical reactions

A

endergonic, exergonic

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13
Q

endergonic or exergonic

absorbed

A

endergonic

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14
Q

endergonic or exergonic

released

A

exergonic

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15
Q

endergonic or exergonic

  • releases energy
  • break apart large, complex molecules
  • cellular respiration
A

exergonic

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16
Q

endergonic or exergonic

  • require energy to proceed
  • build complex molecules
  • photosynthesis
A

endogonic

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17
Q

endergonic or exergonic

kinetic –> potential

A

endergonic

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18
Q

endergonic or exergonic

potential –> kinetic

A

exergonic

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19
Q

endergonic or exergonic

Dehydration Synthesis

A

endergonic

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20
Q

endergonic or exergonic

Hydrolysis

A

Exergonic

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21
Q

when exergonic reaction gives energy to an endergonic reactions

A

coupled reaction

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22
Q

coupled reaction:

in order to make the covalent bond you’ve got to break the _______ bond

A

covalent

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23
Q

coupled reaction:

glucose broken down becomes _____

A

ATP

24
Q

@ body temperature many spontaneous reactions proceed too slowly to sustain life

  • biological catalysts
A

enzymes (proteins)

25
Q

True/False: enzymes help facilitate and make reactions easier

A

True: they’re biological catalysts

26
Q

when an active enzyme is prevented from binding to a substrate by an inhibitor

A

enzyme inhibition

27
Q

2 types of enzyme inhibitors

A
  • cyanide

- penicillin

28
Q

inhibits a specific bacteria enzyme

A

penicillin

29
Q

inhibitor that blocks ATP synthesis

A

cyanide

30
Q

True/False: 2 enzymes can do the same thing

A

FALSE! No 2 enzymes can do the same thing

31
Q

are enzymes destroyed after doing they’re job

A

no

32
Q

how do enzymes lose function

A

through denaturation

33
Q

– Most reactions can proceed in both directions
– If reactants accumulate, the reaction goes forward and vice versa
– At _____________, reaction goes in both directions at the same rate
– Cells must remain far from _________

A

chemical equilibrium

equilibrium

34
Q

Use and Production of ATP

A
  • Carbohydrates and fats are more stable energy storage molecules that, when degraded, are used to generate ATP
  • Because of its instability, ATP provides only short term storage of energy
35
Q

region where reactant (substrate) binds

  • specific fit
  • reaction doesn’t alter enzymes
A

active sight

36
Q

protein that catalyzes a chemical reaction without being consumed

A

enzyme

37
Q

amount of energy required to start a reaction

A

activation

38
Q

Cell Membrane Transport:
concentration gradient:
membranes:

A

concentration gradient:
solute = > concentrated in 1 region than another

membranes: selectively permeable

39
Q

form of passive transport not using a carrier protein = freely pass through membrane

A

simple diffusion

40
Q

O2 and CO2 dissolve in water and freely move to enter and leave blood in lungs or tissues

A

Simple diffusion

41
Q

simple diffusion of water across a membrane

A

osmosis

42
Q

passive transport in which a membrane protein assists solute movement along concentration gradient

A

facilitated diffusion

43
Q

Does facilitated diffusion require energy

A

no

44
Q

what kind of transport does glucose use

A

facilitated diffusion: because it’s too hydrophilic to pass through the membrane unassisted

45
Q

how do aquaporins enhance osmosis

A

allows H2O to diffuse at much higher rate

46
Q

True/False: diffusion is entropy

A

True high –> low

47
Q

3 types of osmosis

A

isotonic solution
hypotonic solution
hyertonic solution

48
Q

Type of osmosis:

solute concentration lower outside cell

A

hypotonic solution

49
Q

Type of osmosis:

solute concentration higher outside cell

A

hypertonic solution

50
Q

Type of osmosis:

concentrations equal inside and outside the cell

A

isotonic solution

51
Q

Type of osmosis:

H2O doesn’t enter or leave = cell stays same size

A

isotonic solution

52
Q

Type of osmosis:

H2O leaves cell = cell shrinks

A

hypertonic solution

53
Q

Type of osmosis:

H2O enters cytoplasm = cell swells

A

hypotonic solution

54
Q

ability of a substance to cause H2O movement

A

tonicity

55
Q

What type of transport:

  • Na+ and K+ pump: uses ATP to expel 3Na+ for every 2K+
    • uses 25% of cell’s ATP
  • gradients can be used as source of potential energy - ATP synthase in photosynthesis and cellular respiration
A

Active Transport

56
Q

process of taking substances into a cell by surrounding it with the cell membrane

A

endoxytosis

57
Q

when cell is getting rid of bulk amouns/large molecules of material

A

exocytosis

Biology 1010 (18 decks)

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