lecture 8 physioogy and pharacology of the gut

Question 1

two patterns of GI contractions

Answer 1

peristalsis and segmentation

Question 2

describe peristalsis

Answer 2

wave pattern directly behind the bolus

Question 3

muscular control of segmentation

Answer 3

longitudinal muscles relax while the circula ones contract

Question 4

which GI contraction helps to mix food and increase surface area

Answer 4

segmentation

Question 5

five structures of the large intestine

Answer 5

cecum, appendix, colon, anal canal and the rectum

Question 6

what prevents coloileal reflux

Answer 6

ileocecal valve

Question 7

where is the appendix

Answer 7

it joins the cecum at the appendiceal orifice

Question 8

structures in the colon

Answer 8

haustra
pilca semilunaris
teniae coli
ommental appendicis

Question 9

what is ommental appendicis

Answer 9

accumulations of fat covered in peritoneum

Question 10

what are teniae coli

Answer 10

longitudinal muscles in the walls

Question 11

haustra

Answer 11

bulges of the colon

Question 12

what separates the haustra

Answer 12

plica semilunaris

Question 13

where does the rectum start

Answer 13

rectosigmoid junction

Question 14

in the rectum what supports the weight of the fecal matter

Answer 14

transverse folds

Question 15

where is the myenteric plexus

Answer 15

muscularis propria

Question 16

where does the myenteric plexus get impulses from

Answer 16

vagus nerve

Question 17

what does the myenteric plexus cause

Answer 17

peristaltic waves

Question 18

where is the submucosal plexus

Answer 18

submucosa

Question 19

what is mucus secretion in the colon under the control of

Answer 19

parasympathetic

Question 20

what can increase the water absorbed in the large intestine

Answer 20

aldosterone because it increases the sodium channels

Question 21

1-2 on bristol

Answer 21

constipation

Question 22

3-4 on bristol

Answer 22

ideal

Question 23

5-7

Answer 23

diarrhoea

Question 24

what mostly makes up poo

Answer 24

water

Question 25

smell of poo

Answer 25

bacteria

Question 26

colour of poo

Answer 26

sterocobillin

Question 27

two defacation reflexes

Answer 27

intrinsic myenteric defecation reflex and parasympathetic defecation reflex

Question 28

describe intrinsic myenteric defecation reflex

Answer 28

faeces causes distension of the rectal wall signals are sent to the descending and sigmoid colon to increase peristalsis internal anal sphincter relaxes

Question 29

describe the parasympathetic defacation reflex

Answer 29

parasympathetic fibers in the pelvic nerves cause peristalsis

Question 30

nerve for the external anal sphincter

Answer 30

pudendal

Question 31

bad sign of constipation

Answer 31

cancer

Question 32

what disease would you not give antidiarrheal

Answer 32

cholera

Question 33

what other disease is UC linked to

Answer 33

athritis

Question 34

what would you give someone who has cholear

Answer 34

ORT and clean water

Question 35

antimotolity drug

Answer 35

lopermide

Question 36

build a dam drug

Answer 36

anal or stomal plug

Question 37

what thickens water

Answer 37

kaolin

Question 38

reduce the amount of water drug

Answer 38

Octreotide

Question 39

what does loperimide work on

Answer 39

mu-opioid receptors on neural plexus of intestines

Question 40

who dont you give loperimide to

Answer 40

preggos

Question 41

loperimide can cause

Answer 41

drowsiness

Question 42

codein phosphate

Answer 42

mu-opioid receptors on neural plexus of intestines

Question 43

who shouldnt you give codeine to

Answer 43

kids under 12

Question 44

antidiarrheal associated with dependancy

Answer 44

co phenotrope

Question 45

kaolin works by

Answer 45

absorbing toxic components

Question 46

caclium carbonate works by

Answer 46

antacid

Question 47

morphine

Answer 47

decreases peristalsis

Question 48

main causes of constipation

Answer 48

cancer colitis diverticulisis anorectal disorder

Question 49

what do you use for IBD

Answer 49

aminosalicylates, glucocortocoids, cytokine inhibitors

Question 50

what do you use for IBS

Answer 50

Antispasmodics, dicycloverine, propantheline

Question 51

sulphasalazine is used for

Answer 51

mild/moderate UC

Question 52

special about sulfasalazine

Answer 52

prodrug

Question 53

sulfasalazine broken down where by what

Answer 53

colon by bacteria

Question 54

sulfasalazin active ingredient

Answer 54

5asa

Question 55

what cant some patients tolerate in sulfasalazine

Answer 55

sulphur

Question 56

drug that is 5asa

Answer 56

Mesalazine

Question 57

excessive use of laxatives bad outcomes

Answer 57

melanosis coli and tolerance

Question 58

what is melanosis coli

Answer 58

pigment is secreted into the lumen from the lamina popria

Question 59

what is the pigment in melanosis coli

Answer 59

lipofuscin

Question 60

what is lipofuscin also known as

Answer 60

wear and tear - released when cells die

Question 61

bulk forming laxatives

Answer 61

Ispaghula husk and methylcellulose

Question 62

Ispaghula husk and methylcellulose other actions

Answer 62

reduce cholesterol

Question 63

osmotic laxative

Answer 63

lactulose

Question 64

how does lactulose work

Answer 64

cant be reabsorbed | more water in stools

Question 65

Stimulant laxatives

Answer 65

Senna and sennosides (senokot).