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block 15 anna > lecture 8 physioogy and pharacology of the gut > Flashcards

lecture 8 physioogy and pharacology of the gut Flashcards

1
Q

two patterns of GI contractions

A

peristalsis and segmentation

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2
Q

describe peristalsis

A

wave pattern directly behind the bolus

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3
Q

muscular control of segmentation

A

longitudinal muscles relax while the circula ones contract

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4
Q

which GI contraction helps to mix food and increase surface area

A

segmentation

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5
Q

five structures of the large intestine

A

cecum, appendix, colon, anal canal and the rectum

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6
Q

what prevents coloileal reflux

A

ileocecal valve

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7
Q

where is the appendix

A

it joins the cecum at the appendiceal orifice

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8
Q

structures in the colon

A

haustra
pilca semilunaris
teniae coli
ommental appendicis

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9
Q

what is ommental appendicis

A

accumulations of fat covered in peritoneum

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10
Q

what are teniae coli

A

longitudinal muscles in the walls

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11
Q

haustra

A

bulges of the colon

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12
Q

what separates the haustra

A

plica semilunaris

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13
Q

where does the rectum start

A

rectosigmoid junction

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14
Q

in the rectum what supports the weight of the fecal matter

A

transverse folds

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15
Q

where is the myenteric plexus

A

muscularis propria

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16
Q

where does the myenteric plexus get impulses from

A

vagus nerve

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17
Q

what does the myenteric plexus cause

A

peristaltic waves

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18
Q

where is the submucosal plexus

A

submucosa

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19
Q

what is mucus secretion in the colon under the control of

A

parasympathetic

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20
Q

what can increase the water absorbed in the large intestine

A

aldosterone because it increases the sodium channels

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21
Q

1-2 on bristol

A

constipation

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22
Q

3-4 on bristol

A

ideal

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23
Q

5-7

A

diarrhoea

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24
Q

what mostly makes up poo

A

water

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25
Q

smell of poo

A

bacteria

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26
Q

colour of poo

A

sterocobillin

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27
Q

two defacation reflexes

A

intrinsic myenteric defecation reflex and parasympathetic defecation reflex

28
Q

describe intrinsic myenteric defecation reflex

A

faeces causes distension of the rectal wall
signals are sent to the descending and sigmoid colon to increase peristalsis
internal anal sphincter relaxes

29
Q

describe the parasympathetic defacation reflex

A

parasympathetic fibers in the pelvic nerves cause peristalsis

30
Q

nerve for the external anal sphincter

A

pudendal

31
Q

bad sign of constipation

A

cancer

32
Q

what disease would you not give antidiarrheal

A

cholera

33
Q

what other disease is UC linked to

A

athritis

34
Q

what would you give someone who has cholear

A

ORT and clean water

35
Q

antimotolity drug

A

lopermide

36
Q

build a dam drug

A

anal or stomal plug

37
Q

what thickens water

A

kaolin

38
Q

reduce the amount of water drug

A

Octreotide

39
Q

what does loperimide work on

A

mu-opioid receptors on neural plexus of intestines

40
Q

who dont you give loperimide to

A

preggos

41
Q

loperimide can cause

A

drowsiness

42
Q

codein phosphate

A

mu-opioid receptors on neural plexus of intestines

43
Q

who shouldnt you give codeine to

A

kids under 12

44
Q

antidiarrheal associated with dependancy

A

co phenotrope

45
Q

kaolin works by

A

absorbing toxic components

46
Q

caclium carbonate works by

A

antacid

47
Q

morphine

A

decreases peristalsis

48
Q

main causes of constipation

A

cancer
colitis
diverticulisis
anorectal disorder

49
Q

what do you use for IBD

A

aminosalicylates, glucocortocoids, cytokine inhibitors

50
Q

what do you use for IBS

A

Antispasmodics, dicycloverine, propantheline

51
Q

sulphasalazine is used for

A

mild/moderate UC

52
Q

special about sulfasalazine

A

prodrug

53
Q

sulfasalazine broken down where by what

A

colon by bacteria

54
Q

sulfasalazin active ingredient

A

5asa

55
Q

what cant some patients tolerate in sulfasalazine

A

sulphur

56
Q

drug that is 5asa

A

Mesalazine

57
Q

excessive use of laxatives bad outcomes

A

melanosis coli and tolerance

58
Q

what is melanosis coli

A

pigment is secreted into the lumen from the lamina popria

59
Q

what is the pigment in melanosis coli

A

lipofuscin

60
Q

what is lipofuscin also known as

A

wear and tear - released when cells die

61
Q

bulk forming laxatives

A

Ispaghula husk and methylcellulose

62
Q

Ispaghula husk and methylcellulose other actions

A

reduce cholesterol

63
Q

osmotic laxative

A

lactulose

64
Q

how does lactulose work

A

cant be reabsorbed

more water in stools

65
Q

Stimulant laxatives

A

Senna and sennosides (senokot).

block 15 anna (15 decks)

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