lecture 11 drugs and the gut

Question 1

hydrolysis

Answer 1

breaking down drugs using water

Question 2

reduction

Answer 2

loss of oxygen

Question 3

oxidation

Answer 3

gain of ooxygen

Question 4

intrinsic clearance

Answer 4

clearing unbound drug

Question 5

drug that can change prothrombin time

Answer 5

paracetamol

Question 6

flow of blood in the liver

Answer 6

periportal to perivenous

Question 7

which way does bile flow

Answer 7

opposite way to the blood

Question 8

what is on the other side of the endothelial cells

Answer 8

space of disse

Question 9

where is oxygen high in the liver

Answer 9

peiportal end

Question 10

where is glycolysis

Answer 10

hepatocytes

Question 11

where is urea formed

Answer 11

periportal region

Question 12

where is ammonia changed in the liver

Answer 12

perivenous end

Question 13

what is ammonia changed into

Answer 13

glutamine

Question 14

where is oxidative phosphorylation and gluconeogenesis

Answer 14

periportal end

Question 15

how can we excrete drugs

Answer 15

bile or urine

Question 16

what must an oral drug be to enter the blood

Answer 16

lipid soluble

Question 17

what does hepatic drug extraction depend on

Answer 17

blood flow

ability of the enzymes

Question 18

main enzyme of drug metabolism

Answer 18

cytochrome p450

Question 19

first pass effect

Answer 19

oxidation, hydrolysis, hydroxylation, and deamination

Question 20

what does first pass do

Answer 20

makes drugs more polar

Question 21

what is phase 2

Answer 21

detoxification and conjugation

Question 22

what is phase 2 for

Answer 22

makes drugs more water soluble

Question 23

phase 3 is for

Answer 23

elimination

Question 24

how and what is aspirin changed into

Answer 24

salicylic acid by hydrolysis

Question 25

what is asparin conjugated to

Answer 25

glycine

Question 26

phase 1 reactions are ctalysed by

Answer 26

cytochrome p450

Question 27

low affinity drugs for C p450

Answer 27

metabolised slower and so have prolonged action

Question 28

reduced renal clearance is associated with

Answer 28

reduced renal function

Question 29

what can affect the conjugation

Answer 29

malnutrition

Question 30

outcomes of hepatic metabolism of drugs

Answer 30

active agent, inactive compound, toxic metabolite and carcinogen

Question 31

cortosol prodrug

Answer 31

cortisone

Question 32

prednisolone prodrug

Answer 32

perdnisone

Question 33

6 mercaptopurine prodrug

Answer 33

azathiapurine

Question 34

what colour does rifampacin turn urine

Answer 34

orange

Question 35

drug that can cause hepatitis

Answer 35

helothene

Question 36

how does halothene cause hepatitis

Answer 36

forms free radicals

Question 37

drug that can cause liver fibrosis

Answer 37

methotrexate

Question 38

methotrexate is used for

Answer 38

RA and cancer

Question 39

toxic metabolite of paracetamol

Answer 39

NAPQI

Question 40

what would you give someone who has taken too much paracetamol and why

Answer 40

glutathione for conjugation