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block 15 anna > lecture 11 drugs and the gut > Flashcards

lecture 11 drugs and the gut Flashcards

1
Q

hydrolysis

A

breaking down drugs using water

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2
Q

reduction

A

loss of oxygen

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3
Q

oxidation

A

gain of ooxygen

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4
Q

intrinsic clearance

A

clearing unbound drug

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5
Q

drug that can change prothrombin time

A

paracetamol

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6
Q

flow of blood in the liver

A

periportal to perivenous

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7
Q

which way does bile flow

A

opposite way to the blood

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8
Q

what is on the other side of the endothelial cells

A

space of disse

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9
Q

where is oxygen high in the liver

A

peiportal end

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10
Q

where is glycolysis

A

hepatocytes

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11
Q

where is urea formed

A

periportal region

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12
Q

where is ammonia changed in the liver

A

perivenous end

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13
Q

what is ammonia changed into

A

glutamine

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14
Q

where is oxidative phosphorylation and gluconeogenesis

A

periportal end

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15
Q

how can we excrete drugs

A

bile or urine

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16
Q

what must an oral drug be to enter the blood

A

lipid soluble

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17
Q

what does hepatic drug extraction depend on

A

blood flow

ability of the enzymes

18
Q

main enzyme of drug metabolism

A

cytochrome p450

19
Q

first pass effect

A

oxidation, hydrolysis, hydroxylation, and deamination

20
Q

what does first pass do

A

makes drugs more polar

21
Q

what is phase 2

A

detoxification and conjugation

22
Q

what is phase 2 for

A

makes drugs more water soluble

23
Q

phase 3 is for

A

elimination

24
Q

how and what is aspirin changed into

A

salicylic acid by hydrolysis

25
Q

what is asparin conjugated to

26
Q

phase 1 reactions are ctalysed by

A

cytochrome p450

27
Q

low affinity drugs for C p450

A

metabolised slower and so have prolonged action

28
Q

reduced renal clearance is associated with

A

reduced renal function

29
Q

what can affect the conjugation

A

malnutrition

30
Q

outcomes of hepatic metabolism of drugs

A

active agent, inactive compound, toxic metabolite and carcinogen

31
Q

cortosol prodrug

32
Q

prednisolone prodrug

A

perdnisone

33
Q

6 mercaptopurine prodrug

A

azathiapurine

34
Q

what colour does rifampacin turn urine

35
Q

drug that can cause hepatitis

36
Q

how does halothene cause hepatitis

A

forms free radicals

37
Q

drug that can cause liver fibrosis

A

methotrexate

38
Q

methotrexate is used for

A

RA and cancer

39
Q

toxic metabolite of paracetamol

40
Q

what would you give someone who has taken too much paracetamol and why

A

glutathione for conjugation

block 15 anna (15 decks)

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