lecture 4 microbiology of the gut

Question 1

non inflammatory conditions are caused by

Answer 1

enterotoxins

Question 2

where do non inflammatory pathogens inhabit

Answer 2

small bowel

Question 3

example of non inflammatory condition

Answer 3

cholera

Question 4

Bacillus cereus toxins

Answer 4

emetic toxin = vomiting

long acting = nausea and diarrhea

Question 5

inflammatory conditions are found

Answer 5

in the colon

Question 6

examples of inflammatory conditions

Answer 6

shigella
salmonella
campylobacter

Question 7

shigella disease

Answer 7

invades the epithelium and spreads laterally

causes nausea, diarrhoea and abdo cramps

Question 8

salmonella symptoms similarto

Answer 8

shigella

Question 9

what can Campylobacter mimic

Answer 9

apendicitis and crohns

Question 10

campylobacter can cause

Answer 10

adenitis

Question 11

campylobacter can contribute to

Answer 11

gillien barre

Question 12

penetrating syndromes

Answer 12

invade the immune system

Question 13

where do penetrating symtoms act

Answer 13

distal small bowel

Question 14

examples of penetrating pathogens

Answer 14

Salmonella typhi
yersinia
Listeria

Question 15

salmonella typhi onset of symtoms

Answer 15

30 das after exposure

Question 16

salmonella typhi symtoms

Answer 16

fever
abdo cramps
constipation

Question 17

salmonella can travel to

Answer 17

bone marrow and tissue macrophages

Question 18

Yersinia enterocolitica mimics

Answer 18

appendicitis

crohns

Question 19

penetrating pathogen that can cause meningitis

Answer 19

listeria monocytogenes

Question 20

why arent anitibiotics used

Answer 20

no dif in making the symptoms go

Question 21

howmay antibiotics be negative

Answer 21

cause diarrhoea

make ecoli 0157 worse as they release all their toxin

Question 22

antibiotic strongly associated with diarrhoea

Answer 22

quinolones

Question 23

how senses protect us

Answer 23

if it smells bad or taste bad we dont eat

Question 24

host defences

Answer 24

low gastric ph
Bile salts in the proximal small bowel
Peristalsis keeps things moving
Mucus - physical barrier and antimicrobials

Question 25

where are bile salts

Answer 25

proximal small bowel

Question 26

where do you find gram posative

Answer 26

duodenum jejunum ilieum

Question 27

dominating pathogen in the colon

Answer 27

anaerobes

Question 28

appendix is surrounded by

Answer 28

MALT

Question 29

what is the appendix a store of

Answer 29

gut flora

Question 30

when is the appendix important

Answer 30

after diarrhoe to repopulate the gut

Question 31

microbiome can synethesise

Answer 31

folate and biotin

Question 32

when do you get C dif

Answer 32

after having antibiotic

Question 33

posatives of the gut biome

Answer 33

release nutrients remove toxins competes breaks down carbohydrates

Question 34

where do you find C dif

Answer 34

normal gut flora

Question 35

what causes the disease in C dif

Answer 35

toxin

Question 36

C dif is gram

Answer 36

posative

Question 37

why is C dif V contagous

Answer 37

spores

Question 38

C dif symptoms

Answer 38

fever and diarrhoea

Question 39

bad outcomes of C dif

Answer 39

pseudomembranous colitis | toxic megacolon

Question 40

what would worry you especially with C dif

Answer 40

sudden stop of diarrhoea | toxic megacolon may stop peistalsis

Question 41

management of C dif

Answer 41

stop antibiotics | isolation

Question 42

C dif treatment

Answer 42

oral metronidazole, oral vancomycin and oral fidaxomicin

Question 43

why wouldnt you use IV vacomyosin

Answer 43

can get into the gut

Question 44

with Cdif when should you see improvement

Answer 44

4 days after treatment

Question 45

C dif last resort treatment

Answer 45

faecal transplant

Question 46

who should give the faeces for transplant

Answer 46

someone you live with

Question 47

bacteria overgrowth symptoms

Answer 47

diarrhoea, bloating, abdo pain, flatulence, steatorrhea and weight loss

Question 48

fatty stools

Answer 48

Steatorrhoea

Question 49

Bacteroides fragilis is an

Answer 49

anaerobe

Question 50

where should Bacteroides fragilis be

Answer 50

colon

Question 51

what happens when Bacteroides fragilis is further up

Answer 51

deconjugates bile acids which results in fat malabsorption and carbohydrate transport resulting in diarrhoea

Question 52

diagnosis of Bacteroides fragilis

Answer 52

hydrogen breath test or culture

Question 53

what does Bacteroides fragilis doto pH

Answer 53

lowers it = malabsorption of fat

Question 54

Bacteroides fragilis antibiotic

Answer 54

fifampacin

Question 55

autism bacteria

Answer 55

C boltiae

Question 56

Bifidobacteria decreases the risk of

Answer 56

asthma

Question 57

Clostridia increases the risk of

Answer 57

asthma

Question 58

low what = obesity

Answer 58

bacteroides

Question 59

high what = obesity

Answer 59

actinobacteria

Question 60

prebiotics are based on

Answer 60

mannan

Question 61

probiotics are

Answer 61

live cultures of organisms

Question 62

humoral immunity

Answer 62

secretory IgA

Question 63

what is immune exclusion

Answer 63

IgA stops pathogens binding to the epithelium