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block 15 anna > lecture 4 microbiology of the gut > Flashcards

lecture 4 microbiology of the gut Flashcards

1
Q

non inflammatory conditions are caused by

A

enterotoxins

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2
Q

where do non inflammatory pathogens inhabit

A

small bowel

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3
Q

example of non inflammatory condition

A

cholera

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4
Q

Bacillus cereus toxins

A

emetic toxin = vomiting

long acting = nausea and diarrhea

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5
Q

inflammatory conditions are found

A

in the colon

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6
Q

examples of inflammatory conditions

A

shigella
salmonella
campylobacter

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7
Q

shigella disease

A

invades the epithelium and spreads laterally

causes nausea, diarrhoea and abdo cramps

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8
Q

salmonella symptoms similarto

A

shigella

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9
Q

what can Campylobacter mimic

A

apendicitis and crohns

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10
Q

campylobacter can cause

A

adenitis

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11
Q

campylobacter can contribute to

A

gillien barre

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12
Q

penetrating syndromes

A

invade the immune system

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13
Q

where do penetrating symtoms act

A

distal small bowel

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14
Q

examples of penetrating pathogens

A

Salmonella typhi
yersinia
Listeria

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15
Q

salmonella typhi onset of symtoms

A

30 das after exposure

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16
Q

salmonella typhi symtoms

A

fever
abdo cramps
constipation

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17
Q

salmonella can travel to

A

bone marrow and tissue macrophages

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18
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica mimics

A

appendicitis

crohns

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19
Q

penetrating pathogen that can cause meningitis

A

listeria monocytogenes

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20
Q

why arent anitibiotics used

A

no dif in making the symptoms go

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21
Q

howmay antibiotics be negative

A

cause diarrhoea

make ecoli 0157 worse as they release all their toxin

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22
Q

antibiotic strongly associated with diarrhoea

A

quinolones

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23
Q

how senses protect us

A

if it smells bad or taste bad we dont eat

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24
Q

host defences

A

low gastric ph
Bile salts in the proximal small bowel
Peristalsis keeps things moving
Mucus - physical barrier and antimicrobials

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25
Q

where are bile salts

A

proximal small bowel

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26
Q

where do you find gram posative

A

duodenum
jejunum
ilieum

27
Q

dominating pathogen in the colon

A

anaerobes

28
Q

appendix is surrounded by

A

MALT

29
Q

what is the appendix a store of

A

gut flora

30
Q

when is the appendix important

A

after diarrhoe to repopulate the gut

31
Q

microbiome can synethesise

A

folate and biotin

32
Q

when do you get C dif

A

after having antibiotic

33
Q

posatives of the gut biome

A

release nutrients
remove toxins
competes
breaks down carbohydrates

34
Q

where do you find C dif

A

normal gut flora

35
Q

what causes the disease in C dif

A

toxin

36
Q

C dif is gram

A

posative

37
Q

why is C dif V contagous

A

spores

38
Q

C dif symptoms

A

fever and diarrhoea

39
Q

bad outcomes of C dif

A

pseudomembranous colitis

toxic megacolon

40
Q

what would worry you especially with C dif

A

sudden stop of diarrhoea

toxic megacolon may stop peistalsis

41
Q

management of C dif

A

stop antibiotics

isolation

42
Q

C dif treatment

A

oral metronidazole, oral vancomycin and oral fidaxomicin

43
Q

why wouldnt you use IV vacomyosin

A

can get into the gut

44
Q

with Cdif when should you see improvement

A

4 days after treatment

45
Q

C dif last resort treatment

A

faecal transplant

46
Q

who should give the faeces for transplant

A

someone you live with

47
Q

bacteria overgrowth symptoms

A

diarrhoea, bloating, abdo pain, flatulence, steatorrhea and weight loss

48
Q

fatty stools

A

Steatorrhoea

49
Q

Bacteroides fragilis is an

A

anaerobe

50
Q

where should Bacteroides fragilis be

A

colon

51
Q

what happens when Bacteroides fragilis is further up

A

deconjugates bile acids which results in fat malabsorption and carbohydrate transport resulting in diarrhoea

52
Q

diagnosis of Bacteroides fragilis

A

hydrogen breath test or culture

53
Q

what does Bacteroides fragilis doto pH

A

lowers it = malabsorption of fat

54
Q

Bacteroides fragilis antibiotic

A

fifampacin

55
Q

autism bacteria

A

C boltiae

56
Q

Bifidobacteria decreases the risk of

A

asthma

57
Q

Clostridia increases the risk of

A

asthma

58
Q

low what = obesity

A

bacteroides

59
Q

high what = obesity

A

actinobacteria

60
Q

prebiotics are based on

A

mannan

61
Q

probiotics are

A

live cultures of organisms

62
Q

humoral immunity

A

secretory IgA

63
Q

what is immune exclusion

A

IgA stops pathogens binding to the epithelium

block 15 anna (15 decks)

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