lecture 6 hepatic pathology

Question 1

what are lobules

Answer 1

small hexagonal functional units

central vein surrounded by 6 portal vein and 6 protal arteries

Question 2

how is the hepatic venule connected to surrounding arteries and veins

Answer 2

sinusoids

Question 3

cell types in the liver

Answer 3

kupffer cells
hepatocytes
stellate cells

Question 4

what are kupffer cells

Answer 4

macrophages that digest RBCs

Question 5

what cells line the sinusoids

Answer 5

hepatocytes

Question 6

shape of the hepatocytes

Answer 6

cuboidal

Question 7

stellate cells function

Answer 7

in quienscant state they store vit A

when activated they sectere collagen for scar tissue formation

Question 8

what does the liver do glycogen

Answer 8

Storage of glycogen, release of glucose and gluconeogenesis

Question 9

what does the liver do: proteins

Answer 9

synthesise e.g. albumin and coagulation factors

Question 10

what does the liver do: amino acids

Answer 10

catabolise amino acids and produces urea

Question 11

what does the liver do: nitrogenous

Answer 11

Detoxification of nitrogenous molecules from the gastrointestinal tract

Question 12

what does the liver do: bilirubin

Answer 12

conjugates and excretes bilirubin

Question 13

what does the liver do: bile salts

Answer 13

produces and excretes

Question 14

common cuases of hepatitis

Answer 14

alcohol

viral

Question 15

hep A transmission

Answer 15

feaco-oral

Question 16

hep B transmission

Answer 16

body fluids, needles, tattoos,

Question 17

hep B risk factors

Answer 17

health care worker
sex
IV drug use

Question 18

hep B outer coat

Answer 18

HBsAg

Question 19

hep B inner coat

Answer 19

HBcAg

Question 20

treatment of hep B

Answer 20

vaccine
antivirals
transplant

Question 21

hep C presentation

Answer 21

asymptomatic

Question 22

hep C diagnosis

Answer 22

difficult

Question 23

transmission of hep C

Answer 23

blood
sex
health care work

Question 24

commonest acute viral hepatitis

Answer 24

hep E

Question 25

host of hep E

Answer 25

pigs

Question 26

fatty liver

Answer 26

steatosis

Question 27

what are you at risk of with NAFLD

Answer 27

cirrhosis | hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 28

development of liver cirrhosis

Answer 28

``` Development of fibrosis Formation of nodules Loss of hepatocyte microvilli Activated stellate cells Deposition of scar matrix Loss of fenestrations Kupffer cell activation ```

Question 29

complications of hepatic cirrhosis

Answer 29

portal hypertension, hepatorenal syndrome, sacites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatic encephalopathy

Question 30

what is portal hypertension

Answer 30

backup of blood down portal venous system leads to portal hypertension

Question 31

Hepatorenal syndrome

Answer 31

Rapid deterioration in kidney function in individuals with cirrhosis or liver failure

Question 32

Hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 32

Confusion, altered level of consciousness and coma due to ammonia accumulation

Question 33

pain of hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 33

painless until big