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block 15 anna > lecture 1 inflammation of the bowel > Flashcards

lecture 1 inflammation of the bowel Flashcards

1
Q

where are most nutrients absorbed

A

small intestine

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2
Q

divisions of the small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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3
Q

what does the duodenum do to proteins

A

peptidases which breaks them down into amino acids

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4
Q

what does the duodenum do to fat

A

emulsifies it

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5
Q

what happens in the jejunum

A

absorption of smaller molecules like sugars, amino acids and fatty acids

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6
Q

where is vitamin B12 absorbed

A

ileum

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7
Q

small intestine epithelium

A

columnar

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8
Q

absorption cells in the small intestine

A

enterocytes

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9
Q

where are endocrine cells in the small intestine

A

in the crypts

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10
Q

what do the endocrine cells in the small intestine secrete

A

hormones for motility

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11
Q

where are brunners glands found

A

duodenum

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12
Q

what are brunners glands

A

submucosal glands which have alkaline secretions to neutralise stomach acids

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13
Q

lymphoid tissue found in the small intesting

A

preyers patch

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14
Q

where would you find preyers patches

A

terminal ilieum

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15
Q

what is the large intestine for

A

storage and elimination of food residues

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16
Q

where is water absorbed

A

large intestine

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17
Q

when do you find paneth cells

A

right colon

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18
Q

where in the wall of the large intestine is the nerve plexuses

A

muscularis propria and subserosa

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19
Q

what is coeliac disease

A

inflammatory disorder due to intolerance in genetically susceptible individuals of gluten

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20
Q

when does coeliac disease present

A

childhood

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21
Q

men or women coeliac

A

women

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22
Q

strong association of coeliac disease and what gene

A

HLA-DQ2

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23
Q

what can sensitivity to gliadin in coeliac disease be triggered by

A

viral infection

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24
Q

classical presentation of coeliac disease

A

weight loss, chronic diarrhoea and failure to thrive

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25
non classic presentation of coeliac disease
IBS, abdominal pain, altered bowel habit and anaemia
26
why might you be anaemic with coeliac disease
duodenum is the site of iron absorption
27
what skin condition can glidin cause
dermatitis herpetiformis
28
what would the clinician do if they suspected coeliac diseaee
tissue transglutaminase antibody blood test
29
how do the villi in coeliac disease appear
blunted and broad ratio between the villus height and the crypts is reduced crypt hyperplasia
30
what does coeliac disease increase your risk of
developing a lymphoma
31
how do NSAIDs have adverse affects on the GI tract
reduce prostoglandin production
32
what do prostoglandins do
increase vascular permeability, cause vascular dilation and coagulation
33
what enzymes do NSAIDs block
cox
34
what do cox enzymes convert
arachadonic acid into prostoglandins
35
affect of blocking prostoglandins in the GI
reduces blood flow in the mucosa, reduces gastric acid secretion and increases bicarbonate
36
with NSAIDs why is the body bad at coagulation
no thromboxane
37
common place for GI NSAID ulcers
duodenum and ileum
38
what are the
thin mucosal septas in the lumen
39
Pseudomembranous colitis
inflammation of the bowel due to use of antibiotics
40
example where antibiotics cause disease
C diff
41
describe Cdiff
spore forming gram pos anaeobe
42
what is diverticular disease due to
increased intraluminal pressure
43
what might you get with diverticular disease
constipation
44
what happens to the bowel in diverticular disease
hypertrophy of the muscular layer | herniation in points of weakness
45
in diverticular disease where are the areas of weakness
where the vessels enter and exit the mucosa
46
commonest site for diverticular disease
sigmoid colon
47
presentatioon of diverticular disease
Abdominal pain, altered bowel habit, bleeding and constipation
48
two diseases that affects the terminal ilieum and cause granulomas
TB and yersiniosis
49
chronic inflammatory bowel disease
crohns and ulcerative colitis
50
genetic predisposition of chronic inflammatory bowel disease
HLA-DR1 and DQw5
51
other things which increase the risk of chronic inflammatory bowel disease
pill | smoking
52
triggers for CIBD
mycobacteria and measles virus
53
what delays the onset of ulcerative colitis
appendectomy
54
someothing which prevents ulcerative colitis
smoking
55
how can smoking be preventative of CIBD
ncreased glycoprotein synthesis maintaining the mucosal layer
56
something which initiate ulcerative colitis
NSAIDs
57
most common place for crohns to affect
ileocolic junction
58
age when crohsn presents
20-30 and 60-70
59
colon crohns syptom
bloody diarrhoea
60
upper GI crohns symptoms
abdominal pain, vomiting, weight loss and small intestinal obstruction due to strictures
61
perineal crohns presentation
ulcers, fissures and abscesses
62
when do you get serosal fat wrapping
crohns disease
63
direction of the ulecrs in crohns
longituudinal
64
what are the ulcers in crohns called
serpiginous ulcers
65
transverse ulcers on the oedema in crohns
cobblestone appearance
66
inflammation in crohns
patchy
67
crohns and the bowel wall
affects all the layers
68
where does ulcerative colitis begin
rectum
69
what is it when ulcerative colitis is limited to the rectum
Ulcerative proctitis
70
what does ulcerative colitis affect
the mucosa only
71
what can form in severe ulcerative colitis
filiform polyps
72
name a biliary tract disease
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
73
when do you get Primary sclerosing cholangitis
with pancolitis

block 15 anna (15 decks)

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