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block 15 anna > lecture 3 immunology of the gut > Flashcards

lecture 3 immunology of the gut Flashcards

1
Q

intestinal tract

A

mucosal

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2
Q

what is between the epithelial cells

A

tight junctions

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3
Q

ph of the gut

A

low

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4
Q

other protection mechs of the gut

A

antibacterial peptides
commensal floral
goblet cells

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5
Q

what secretes antibacterial peptides

A

paneth cells

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6
Q

what do goblet cells secrete

A

mucins

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7
Q

MALT

A

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

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8
Q

pattern of commensal bacteria in the intestinal tract

A

increase as you go down

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9
Q

where would you find more anaerobes

A

large intestine

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10
Q

what is coeliac disease

A

when the immune system responds to gluten in food

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11
Q

IBD

A

inflammatory response to intestinal bacteria

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12
Q

division of the immune system

A

innate and adaptive

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13
Q

whch immune system has low specifity

A

innate

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14
Q

what response do you get with activation of conditioned dendritic cells

A

T reg

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15
Q

shape of B cell receptors

A

same shape as the antibodies they produce

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16
Q

how can antibodies affect viruses

A

bind to them and stop them entering host cells

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17
Q

what presents the antigen to T cells

A

MHC on APC

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18
Q

subsets of Thelper cells

A

Th1
Th2
Th17

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19
Q

Th1 produces

A

interferron gamma

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20
Q

Th2 produces

A

IL4 and IL5

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21
Q

Th17 produces

A

IL-17

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22
Q

what controls the T effector cells

A

T reg cells

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23
Q

T reg cytokines

A

IL-10 and TGF beta

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24
Q

what are TH1 good against

A

intracellular pathogens

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25
Q

Th2 is good against

A

extracellular pathogens e.g. helminths

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26
Q

Th17 are good for

A

extracellular bacteria and fungi

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27
Q

organised immune tissues are called

A

induction sites

28
Q

examples of organised immune tissues in the gut

A

peyer’s patches, lymphoid follicles and mesenteric lymph nodes

29
Q

peyers patch location

A

small intestine

30
Q

what drains the intestinal tract

A

mesenteric lymph nodes

31
Q

where do you find isolated lymphoid tissues

A

small and large

32
Q

scattered lymphoid cells are called

A

effector sites

33
Q

examples of scattered lymphoid cells

A

lamina propria leukocytes and intraepithelial lymphocytes

34
Q

what are M cells good at

A

taking up antigens from the lumen

35
Q

what are M cells

A

microfold cells

36
Q

how do M cells take up antigens

A

endocytosis or phagocytosis

37
Q

what do M cells do with the antigen

A

take them into the lamina propria and give them to the dendritic cells

38
Q

how may pathogens use the M cells

A

use them to gain access to the rest of the body

39
Q

example of a disease which abuses M cells

A

polio

40
Q

what are N butyrate and acetate propionate

A

short chain fatty acids

41
Q

how can N butyrate and acetate propionate affect T cells

A

instruct naive T cells to become regulatory T cells

42
Q

dominant antibody in the blood

A

IgG

43
Q

dominant antibody in the gut

A

IgA

44
Q

IgA formation in the blood

A

monomeric

45
Q

what is monomeric IgA

A

one molecule

46
Q

what is dimeric IgA

A

two IgA held together by a J chain

47
Q

where do you find dimeric IgA

A

intestinal tract

48
Q

where are there receptors for the IgA

A

lamina propria

49
Q

what are the receptors for the IgA called

A

poly-ig receptor

50
Q

how does the poly-ig receptor work

A

transports the IgA to the luminal side

some ofthe receptor is cleaved

51
Q

on the lumnial side what is the remainder of the poly-ig receptor called

A

secretary component

52
Q

what does the secretary component do

A

helps IgAstick to the lumen

53
Q

good about IgA

A

cant activate the complement so we dont get inflammation

54
Q

what happensto IgA deficient people

A

IgM replaces it

55
Q

what is the strcture of IgM

A

5 molecules held by a J chain

56
Q

if a conditioned dendritic cell is activated what response do you get

A

T reg

57
Q

what does TLR2 recognise

A

peptidoglycan

58
Q

TLR4 recognises

A

LPS

59
Q

where are TLR expressed

A

epithelium

60
Q

where is TLR4 expressed

A

in the crypts of the epithelium

61
Q

where is TLR5 expressed

A

basolateral side

62
Q

how have commensal bacteria changed so they arent recognised by the immune system

A

flagellin has changed so not recognised by TLR5

63
Q

food enters themouth and dosent cause a response what is this

A

oral tolerance

64
Q

mutations predisposing IBD

A

NOD2 and IL23

65
Q

who expresses NOD2

A

paneth cells

66
Q

what do paneth cells produce

A

antibacterial peptides

67
Q

who has receptors for IL23

A

Th17

block 15 anna (15 decks)

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