Lecture 8 Chapter 16

Question 1

What is anemia

Answer 1

A reduction in capacity of blood to carry O2
Not enough/decrease in hemoglobin

Question 2

Where do ved blood cells get recycled

Answer 2

Spleen

Question 3

Which organ stores iron

Answer 3

Liver

Question 4

What transfers iron to either spleen, liver, or bone marrow

Answer 4

Serum transferrin

Question 5

What does protoporphryn turn into in the spleen

Answer 5

Biliverdin

Question 6

Biliverdin turns into what due to the macrophages in the spleen

Answer 6

Bilirubin

Question 7

Bilirubin is _______ and needs _______ because it is a _______

Answer 7

Not water soluble
Albumin
Carrier molecule

Question 8

What is insoluble bilirubin called

Answer 8

Unconjugated bilirubin (indirect)

Question 9

Unconjugated bilirubin needs _______ to travel to the ______ to become _______ which is _______

Answer 9

Glucuronic acid
Liver
Conjugated bilirubin (direct)
Water soluble

Question 10

Describe the path conjugated bilirubin takes to get to the intestines

Answer 10

Bile —> mix with bile salts —> mix with cholesterol —> small intestine (duodenum) —> empties

Question 11

Conjugated bilirubin + bacteria =

Answer 11

Urobilinogen

Question 12

Urobilinogen + bacteria =

Answer 12

Stercobilinogen

Question 13

What is stercobilinogen responsible for

Answer 13

Color of feces

Question 14

Describe path that 10-15% of urobilinogen take

Answer 14

Gets absorbed into blood → liver → some are removed → the rest goes to the kidneys → clears blood of urobilinogen → becomes urobilin → urine

Question 15

What is the most important factor in diagnosing anemia

Answer 15

Patient history

Question 16

Symptoms of severe anemia

Answer 16

Fainting
Chest pain
Angina
Heart attack

Question 17

Symptoms of anemia

Answer 17

Central: fatigue, dizziness, fainting
Eyes: yellowing
Skin: paleness, coldness, yellowing
Blood vessels: low BP
Respiratory: shortness of breath
Heart: palpitations, rapid heart rate, chest pain, angina, heart attack
Muscular: weakness
Spleen: enlargement
Intestinal: changed stool color

Question 18

Normal size of red blood cells

Answer 18

6-8 micrometers

Question 19

What is the cause of ineffective erythropolesis

Answer 19

Defective hemoglobin affecting lifespan of RBCs

Question 20

What is the cause of insufficient erythropoiesis

Answer 20

Unable to make enough RBCs to have them divide (aplastic anemia)

Question 21

What test is ran and what results are needed to diagnose anemia

Answer 21

CBC with cell indices
Reticulocyte count
Decrease in: RBC, hematocrit, hemoglobin

Question 22

What test is the last resort for diagnosing anemia

Answer 22

Bone marrow examination

Question 23

What is examined on a blood smear for an anemia lab diagnosis

Answer 23

RBC morphology
WBC: differential, morphology
Platelets: platelet estimate

Question 24

Anemia is often a symptom of

Answer 24

Another disease

Question 25

What is anemia with an MCV < 80 fL called

Answer 25

Microcytic anemia

Question 26

What is anemia with an MCV 80-100 fL called

Answer 26

Normocytic anemia

Question 27

What is anemia with an MCV > 100 fL called

Answer 27

Macrocytic anemia

Question 28

Reasons for anemias

Answer 28

1) decreased production: ex parvovirus-B19 targets stem cells in BM
2) increased destruction: cells are destroyed before 120 days
3) increased blood loss