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CLS 307 > Lecture 1 Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is hematology

A

The study of blood cells

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2
Q

How much blood does the average male possess

A

5L

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3
Q

What does blood transfer?

A

Oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues

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4
Q

What is the liquid portion of blood called

A

Plasma

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5
Q

Why are blood cells red?

A

They contain iron

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6
Q

When do RBCs contain a nucleus and when do they not

A

RBCs have a nucleus in bone marrow and lose it when going to the matrix

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7
Q

When and who gave an account of RBCs and improved the microscope?

A

1674 Anthony van Leeuwenhoek

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8
Q

When and who described platelets as petite plaques

A

1800s giulio bizzozero

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9
Q

When and who developed the Wright stain and opened a new world of visual examination through a microscope

A

1902 James Homer Wright

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10
Q

Who was The first person to stain a slide and use color

A

James Homer Wright

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11
Q

Describe the shape of a RBC

A

A non-nucleated biconcave disc

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12
Q

What protein are RBCs filled with

A

Hemoglobin

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13
Q

What is the normal diameter of RBCs

A

6 to 8 microns

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the RBCs shape

A

Biconcave disc allows for movement in small spaces

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15
Q

Name the five things found in a blood sample

A

Plasma, leukocytes, platelets, erythrocytes, hematocrit

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16
Q

What are the two possibilities for low/decreasing hematocrit

A

1) something is destroying RBCs
2) bone marrow is not producing RBCs

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17
Q

What are young RBCs that contain RNA called?

A

Reticulocytes

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18
Q

Why do cells stain slightly blue-gray with a Wright stain

A

Presence of RNA

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19
Q

A more blue-gray cell from a Wright stain is called

A

Polychromasia

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20
Q

What does it mean it there is an increase of Reticulocytes in peripheral blood

A

Bone marrow is responding appropriately to anemia

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21
Q

A ratio of packed volume of RBCs to the volume of whole blood is called

A

Hematocrit

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22
Q

What is the rule of 3

A

RBC x3 = hemoglobin x3 = hematocrit

23
Q

What reflects RBC diameter (volume) on a wright-stained smear

A

Mean red blood cell volume (MCV)

24
Q

Cells with MCV < 80

A

Microcytic

25
Q

Cells with MCV 80-100

A

Normocytic

26
Q

Cells with MCV >100

A

Macrocytic

27
Q

What reflects weight of hemoglobin in the average RBC

A

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)

28
Q

What reflects the concentration of hemoglobin in the average RBC

A

Mean cell Hgb concentration (MCHC)

29
Q

What differentiates between microcytic, normocytic, and macrocytic anemias

A

Mean RBC volume (MCV)

30
Q

Cells with MCHC < 32

A

Hypochromic

31
Q

Cells with MCHC 32-36

A

Normochromic

32
Q

What differentiates between hypochromic and normochromic anemias

A

Mean cell Hgb concentration (MCHC)

33
Q

What cells and why

A

Normochromic = carries more Hgb

34
Q

What cell and why

A

Hypochromic = less Hgb

35
Q

What reflects the degree of volume variation

A

RBC distribution width (RDW)

36
Q

RBC distribution width (RDW) is seen on a wright-stained smear as a variation in the diameter, known as

A

Anisocytosis

37
Q

If all cells are similar in size, the RDW is

A

Low

38
Q

If some cells are little and some are big, the RDW is

A

High

39
Q

Decreased WBC count

A

Leukopenia

40
Q

Increased WBC count

A

Leukocytosis

41
Q

What are the 6 types of leukocytes

A

Segmented neutrophils
Band neutrophils
Eosinophils
basophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes

42
Q

An increase in neutrophils suggest

A

Bacterial infection

43
Q

An increase in lymphocytes suggest

A

Viral infection

44
Q

An increase in eosinophils suggest

A

Asthma attack or allergies

45
Q

Another name for platelets

A

Thrombocytes

46
Q

Causes of a low platelet count may include

A

Splenomegaly, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and bone marrow failure

47
Q

Causes of a high platelet count may include

A

Reactive thrombocytosis (iron-deficiency anemia) and essential thrombocythemia

48
Q

What is hemostasis

A

Stopping of bleeding

49
Q

Where is fibrinogen produced and what does it get converted to

A

Liver and is soluble gets converted to fibrin and is not soluble

50
Q

Explain how a cut heals

A

Fibrin strands create a mesh to stop bleeding and myosin and actin use muscle contraction to pull fibrin to close wound

51
Q

Name the 2 bone marrow assays

A

Aspirates
Biopsies

52
Q

Name the 4 cytochemical stains and what family they belong to

A

Myeloperoxidase stain (myeloid family)
Sudan black B stain (myeloid family)
Terminal deoxynueleotidyl transferase (tat) (lymphoblasts)
Leukocyte acid and alkaline Phosphatase (myeloid family)

53
Q

What is karyotyping

A

Genetic testing
Philadelphia chromosome translocation

CLS 307 (21 decks)

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