Lecture 2 Chapter 4

Question 1

What decides which genes will be active and not active

Answer 1

Cell differentiation

Question 2

Gene expression allows for

Answer 2

differentiation

Question 3

When do cells start to grow

Answer 3

27 days post conception

Question 4

What are the 3 phases of hematopoietic development

Answer 4

Mesoblastic
Hepatic
Medullary

Question 5

What phase is part of the first trimester

Answer 5

Mesoblastic phase (yolk sac)

Question 6

Where are cells produced in the hepatic phase

Answer 6

Liver

Question 7

What happens to the production of cells in the medullary phase?

Answer 7

Liver gradually decreases making cells and bone marrow gradually increases making cells

Question 8

What is the M:E ratio

Answer 8

The ratio of production of WBCs to RBCs
Myeloid (WBC) : erythroid (RBC)
3:1

Question 9

What is the lifespan of RBCs

Answer 9

120 days

Question 10

What is the lifespan of WBCs

Answer 10

8 hours

Question 11

If the M:E is 1:1 what does that suggest

Answer 11

1) not enough myeloid cells are being made
2) too many RBCs are being made

Question 12

What are the 10 places cells can be made

Answer 12

Yolk sac
Spleen
Liver
Bone marrow
Tibia
Femur
Lymph nodes
Rib
Sternum
Vertebra

Question 13

Where does the selection process of T-cells happen

Answer 13

Thymus

Question 14

What does autoimmune mean

Answer 14

Immune cells don’t recognize antigens and attack their own cells

Question 15

What stops immature cells from getting to circulation

Answer 15

Adventitial cells
endothelial cells

Question 16

Where do cells differentiate and get moved into circulation

Answer 16

Central sinus

Question 17

What type of bone marrow

Answer 17

Severely hypocellular bone marrow
No cells are being made
Aplastic anemia

Question 18

Label the 3 circles

Answer 18

Question 19

What substances are found in the liver

Answer 19

Bile salts
Cholesterol
Bilirubin

Question 20

Name the two important cells to the liver

Answer 20

Kupffer cells (macrophages)
Epithelial cells

Question 21

Role of the liver

Answer 21

Produce bile
Detoxification
Alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme

Question 22

The more greater momentum, the greater risk of

Answer 22

Hypertension
Puts pressure on the internal organs causing high BP

Question 23

What is the role of the spleen

Answer 23

Stores a lot of blood in it
Filters the blood, recycles and removes
Distributes B lymphocytes and macrophages

Question 24

What is the function of the red pulp in the spleen

Answer 24

Acts as a highway, brings foreign agent to WBCs to show what cells to hunt/make antigen for

Question 25

What is the function of white pulp in the spleen

Answer 25

Contains WBCs and removes abnormal cells
Antigen presenting cells

Question 26

What is an enlarged spleen called

Answer 26

Splenomegaly

Question 27

What is autosplenectomy

Answer 27

Dead spleen in body

Question 28

Name the blue circles

Answer 28

Question 29

What is the monophyletic theory

Answer 29

All blood cells share one stem cell

Question 30

In the first step of differentiation what are the two cell options

Answer 30

Common myeloid progenitor
Common lymphoid progenitor

Question 31

How is the fate of a stem cell determined

Answer 31

Gene expression
Environmental queues

Question 32

What differentiates a myeloid cell becoming a megakaryocyte vs an erythrocyte

Answer 32

Megakaryocyte has TPO
Erythrocyte has Epo