Lecture 2 Chapter 4 Flashcards
What decides which genes will be active and not active
Cell differentiation
Gene expression allows for
differentiation
When do cells start to grow
27 days post conception
What are the 3 phases of hematopoietic development
Mesoblastic
Hepatic
Medullary
What phase is part of the first trimester
Mesoblastic phase (yolk sac)
Where are cells produced in the hepatic phase
Liver
What happens to the production of cells in the medullary phase?
Liver gradually decreases making cells and bone marrow gradually increases making cells
What is the M:E ratio
The ratio of production of WBCs to RBCs
Myeloid (WBC) : erythroid (RBC)
3:1
What is the lifespan of RBCs
120 days
What is the lifespan of WBCs
8 hours
If the M:E is 1:1 what does that suggest
1) not enough myeloid cells are being made
2) too many RBCs are being made
What are the 10 places cells can be made
Yolk sac
Spleen
Liver
Bone marrow
Tibia
Femur
Lymph nodes
Rib
Sternum
Vertebra
Where does the selection process of T-cells happen
Thymus
What does autoimmune mean
Immune cells don’t recognize antigens and attack their own cells
What stops immature cells from getting to circulation
Adventitial cells
endothelial cells
Where do cells differentiate and get moved into circulation
Central sinus
What type of bone marrow
Severely hypocellular bone marrow
No cells are being made
Aplastic anemia
Label the 3 circles
What substances are found in the liver
Bile salts
Cholesterol
Bilirubin
Name the two important cells to the liver
Kupffer cells (macrophages)
Epithelial cells
Role of the liver
Produce bile
Detoxification
Alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme
The more greater momentum, the greater risk of
Hypertension
Puts pressure on the internal organs causing high BP
What is the role of the spleen
Stores a lot of blood in it
Filters the blood, recycles and removes
Distributes B lymphocytes and macrophages
What is the function of the red pulp in the spleen
Acts as a highway, brings foreign agent to WBCs to show what cells to hunt/make antigen for
What is the function of white pulp in the spleen
Contains WBCs and removes abnormal cells
Antigen presenting cells
What is an enlarged spleen called
Splenomegaly
What is autosplenectomy
Dead spleen in body
Name the blue circles
What is the monophyletic theory
All blood cells share one stem cell
In the first step of differentiation what are the two cell options
Common myeloid progenitor
Common lymphoid progenitor
How is the fate of a stem cell determined
Gene expression
Environmental queues
What differentiates a myeloid cell becoming a megakaryocyte vs an erythrocyte
Megakaryocyte has TPO
Erythrocyte has Epo
