lecture 8

Question 1

Association areas

Answer 1

1-Complex process that allows perception to translate into behavior.
2-80% of the cortex responsible for this
3- It is different than sensory areas
4- Modalities combine, attention shifted , planning occurs in these areas.

Question 2

Limbic association area

Answer 2

1- Anterior ventral temporal lobe
2- Links emotions with sensory inputs
3-Important for learning and memory.

Question 3

Posterior association area

Answer 3

1- Junction of occipital, temporal, parietal
2-Links information from primary and unimodal sensory areas.
3- Important for perception and language

Question 4

Anterior Association Area

Answer 4

1-Prefrontal cortex
2-Links information from other association areas (most complex)
3-Important in memory, planning and higher-order concept.

Question 5

Parietal Lobe functions?

Answer 5

1-Sensory perception
2-Visual
3-Integration
4-Taste
5-Touch
6-Movement
7-Spatial skills
8-Reading sensory aspects
9- Episodic memory
10-Physical self

Question 6

Superior Parietal Lobe (SPL) function?

Answer 6

1- Spatial orientation
2- Needed for visual perception
3- where something is
4-object manipulation (coordinated hand movements)

Question 7

Inferior parietal lobe

Answer 7

1- Spatial attention & Multimodal sensory integration (being able to taste and smell coffee)
2-Visual perception
3-Paying attention to movement/location
4- complex sensory experiences

Question 8

Dorsal (Where)

Answer 8

1-Localizing objects in space, spatial awareness, guidance of actions

2-Includes superior parietal lobe, inferior parietal lobe, supramarginal gyrus

Question 9

Supramarginal gyrus

Answer 9

tactile perception and location of limbs ( knowing where your body parts are)

Question 10

Somatosensory cortex

Answer 10

1- Detecs sensory information from the body regarding temperature, proprioception, touch, texture, and pain
2-Receives neuronal projections from the thalamus

Question 11

Somatosensory cortex- Primary Motor cortex relationship?

Answer 11

1-Somatosensory and motor cortex are adjacent and organized in the same way.
2-Transfer information to each other.

Question 12

What are the 2 major pathways of Somatosensory area?

Answer 12

1-Pressure
2-Irritation
—- they both have their own pathways which help to process the information better.

Question 13

What are the 3 types of receptive fields?

Answer 13

1-Nodception
2-Hapsis
3-Preprioception

Question 14

Nodception

Answer 14

1-Pain, temperature
2-slow perception

Question 15

Hapsis

Answer 15

1- Touch , pressure
2- fast and slow

Question 16

Preprioception

Answer 16

1- self-bodily awareness
2-fast

Question 17

Process of grabbing an object

Answer 17

1-Neocortex plans
2-Subcortical structures from circuits with the neocortex to control movement
3- Spinal cord instructed
(Visual cortex, parietal region, sensory cortex, motor cortex,pre-motor cortex)

Question 18

The precuneus

Answer 18

1-Recollection and memory
2-Mental imagery
3-episodic memory retrieval
4-affective responses to pain
5-self-referential processing ( who is referring to me.)
6-Deactivation is associated with losing consciousness.
7-experience of agency (free-will)
8-Hypothesized that functions carried can be explained by its central location.
9- Dafult Mode network

Question 19

Default Mode Network

Answer 19

1- the area activated when doing nothing. (It’s a very social network)
2- Autistic people’s DMN doesn’t have as many social networks
3-DMN and mirror neuron systems interact.

Question 20

Posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)

Answer 20

1-State of arousal
2-Breadth of focus (internal&external)
3-self-referential
4-episodic
5-autobiographical
3-future thinking
4-conceptual processes

Question 21

Temporal Parietal Junction

Answer 21

1-Social cognition attention, language processing
2-Reoriantes attention (surprising stimuli)
2-Theory of Mind
3-empathy&self awareness
4-connects environmental information to existing knowledge

Question 22

Asomatognosis

Answer 22

Loss of knowledge of one’s body:
1-Anosognosia: unawareness of the illness
2-Anosodiaphoria: not caring about the illness no emotions
3-Autopagnosia: inability to recognize body parts
4-Asymbolia for pain = absence of typical pain repsonse.

Question 23

Apraxia

Answer 23

Loss of movement caused by brain lesion (not body parts)
1-Ideomotor apraxia= disturbance of physical movement ( can’t copy or wave)
2-Constructional Apraxia ( disturbance of spatial processing (unable to build a puzzle, drawing a picture )
3-Speech apraxia: disturbance of speech due to brain lesion (your mouth cant move)

Question 24

Contralateral neglect/Hemispatial Neglect

Answer 24

1- When a parietal lobe lesion causes a patient to ignore stimuli on the contralateral side of the body.
2-Clock test: she ignores the left-side of the circle and aware that something is wrong.

Question 25

Gerstmann’s syndrome

Answer 25

1-rare due to left parietal stroke
symptoms:
1-Finger agnosia,
2-left-right confusion
3-Agraphia =inability to write
4-Acalculia= inability to perform arithmetic

Question 26

Balint syndrome

Answer 26

1- Bilateral parietal lesion
Symptoms:
1- Could move his eyes but not fixate on sitmuli
2- displayed stimultagnosia= could only attend to one stimuli at a time wouldn’t notice the other one
3-Displayed optic ataxia= difficulty in reaching fro stimuli
Oculomotor apraxia: difficulty voluntarily moving eyes.

Question 27

Parietal Lobe epilepsy

Answer 27

1- rare
2-Somatic illusion= misperception of real stimuli
3-Inability to detect space
4-Dyseshesia=distortion to the sense of touch feels like pain

Question 28

Parietal lobe seizure

Answer 28

1-focal seizure
2-falls to one side , eyes change, looses body control