lecture 6

Question 1

Sensation

Answer 1

the process of our organs receiving information from the world.

Question 2

Perception

Answer 2

our experience of sensed information

Question 3

Embodied perception

Answer 3

influenced by other bodily states (hormones, physiology)

Question 4

Embedded

Answer 4

Influenced by environment and past experiences

Question 5

Accommodation in regards to human eye

Answer 5

a process which the lens changes shape to focus incoming light so that it falls on the retina

Question 6

Rods

Answer 6

1-Long thin receptor
2- Night vision (black and white)
3- concentrated throughout the retina

Question 7

Cones

Answer 7

1- Short, thick pointy
2- color vision and acuity
3- concentrated in the fovea

Question 8

Binocular vision

Answer 8

two overlapping fields of view create the perception of death

Question 9

Texture gradient

Answer 9

how elements looked more packed together the further they get

Question 10

Stereopsis

Answer 10

The ability to perceive 3D because 2 eyes receive slightly different information .

Question 11

Motion Parallax

Answer 11

3D information when an object is in motion.

Question 12

Atigmatism

Answer 12

when your cornea or lens is shaped differently creating 2 or more images at the back of your eye. ( car lights)

Question 13

Optic chiasm

Answer 13

where optic nerves from left and right eye cross and send information to the hemispheres.

Question 14

What’s the duty of area V1?

Answer 14

Segregates pattern vision from motion signals

Question 15

What’s the duty of area V2?

Answer 15

3d vision /seeing camouflaged / more complex patterns

Question 16

What’s the duty of area V3?

Answer 16

Shape perception

Question 17

What’s the duty of area V4?

Answer 17

color area and shape perception

Question 18

What’s the duty of area V5?

Answer 18

motion area

Question 19

Early phase of visual perception

Answer 19

Shapes and objects are extracted from the visual scene

Question 20

Later phase

Answer 20

the shapes and objects are recognized

Question 21

What’s the cortical structures

Answer 21

first we see motion and then we recognize the objects.

Question 22

Inverse projection

Answer 22

The stimulus reflected on our eye is 2d reversed vision. In order to perceive our brian has to apply depth perception and reversed the picture back.

Question 23

Bottom-up

Answer 23

Small bits of information combined into a bigger picture for perception

Question 24

Top-down

Answer 24

High-level general knowledge contributes to the interpretation of the low-level perceptual units.

Question 25

Fusiform gyrus

Answer 25

The area that responds when faces are present in the visual field.

Question 26

Greebles experiments

Answer 26

• The greeble experiment highlights how our brains can adapt to learn new categories of objects and suggests that visual recognition is not limited to familiar items but can extend to new, learned shapes.
• It also emphasizes the role of experience and familiarity in visual processing, illustrating how we can become proficient in recognizing complex objects through training.

Question 27

likelihood principle

Answer 27

we infer what’s most likely

Question 28

Unconscious inference

Answer 28

the process of inferences unconscious

Question 29

Oblique effect

Answer 29

Horizontals and verticals occur more often, so oblique angles are harder to perceive.

Question 30

Light-from above assumption

Answer 30

our brain assumes that light comes from above. This helps brain to makes sense of shadows and depths.

Question 31

Scene-schema

Answer 31

knowledge of what a scene typically contains ( knowing what a restaurant has)

Question 32

Prior probability

Answer 32

Based on the likelihood of that outcome occuring. ( seeing a place with tables and chares assuming they probably have food) (relies on preexisting knowledge)

Question 33

Specialized neurons

Answer 33

every neuron is specialized on something different ( vertical and horizontal ) kitten experiment proves that if we are raised with vertical line its harder to recognize horizontal lines.

Question 34

Feature analysis

Answer 34

Detecting features of an object and then comparing with the most similar object you know from your long-term memory. Further on, recognizing the object.

Question 35

Template model

Answer 35

Instead of looking at parts of an image looking at it as whole and comparing.

Question 36

Field dependence visual processing style

Answer 36

1- tendency to derive information from context ( looking around the picture)
2- holistic processing

Question 37

Field-independence visual processing style

Answer 37

1- tendency to derive information from the center of the image.
2- analytical

Question 38

Blindsightness

Answer 38

1- Lacking conscious awareness of the visual experience, but being able to respond to it anyways

2- Caused by a damage to area V1

Question 39

Apperceptive agnosia

Answer 39

unable to recognize objects, draw or copy a figure

Question 40

Associative Agnosia

Answer 40

difficulty understanding the meaning of what they are seeing. Can draw or copy but doesn’t know what it means

Question 41

Prosopagnosia

Answer 41

face blindness

Question 42

Visuospatial agnosia

Answer 42

difficulty with the spatial relationship between objects