Lecture 8 Flashcards
What are self concepts?
- the atitudes or behaviours that makes an individual unique
- Begains 18-24m
- conected to theory of mind devel
- The rouge/ mirror test - will a baby recignize themselves?
What do the self conceptions of a young child, child and adolecent look like?
Younger self concept: shallower and related to physical
characteristics, likes & dislikes, possessions, and
competencies
Middle (5-7): deeper, more conected to emitions, belonging and competencies in comparison to peers
Adolecence: political/religious deeper
Explain egocentrism in adolesent cognition
Egocentrism: Noticing others’ flaws leads to awareness
and self consciousness about own flaws, worrying that
everyone else is noticing and thinking about what they’re
doing wrong
Explain imaginary audience and personal fable in adolesent cognition
Imaginary audience: Feeling like everyone is watching
*Personal fable: Their own experiences are unique, feelings of isolation and invincibility
What is the illusion of invulnerabilty?
*Illusion of invulnerability: the belief that misfortune only
happens to others. (Ex. “I won’t get caught for this thing
that’s against the rules, it won’t happen to me). Mixed with
frontal lobe development = “risky behavior storm
What is the next erikson stage (5)
Identity vs. Role Confusion: Age 12-18
Search for self and personal identity
Exploration period (perhaps lots of “phases”
if they have the opportunity to explore)
Searching for beliefs and views that
are often different from their parents’ (this can
lead to disagreements)
What is James Marcia’s identity exploration?
*Identity foreclosure = settling without much
searching “Ive made my choice without thinking”
*Identity achievement = choosing after searching
“thought about it and ik what to do with my life”
*Identity diffusion = not deciding and not
searching “Idk and idc what Im supposed to do with my life”
*Identity moratorium = not deciding but still
searching “Im thinking about what I should do”
What is ethnic and racial identity and how can it be protective against racism and systemic oppression?
racial-ethnic-cultural identity; attitudes toward one’s
own racial-ethic-cultural group and attitudes toward the self as a member of the group
- Functions as preparation and safety, as well as social support/pride/self-worth
- Taking part in cultural traditions and reclaiming cultural traditions can be protective
and is related to increased wellbeing
Fun facts: sexuality & sexual orientation
10 years old first attraction
The average age of first intercourse is about 17.8 years for women and 18 for men
* Early sexual activity is related to: risk-taking, having an older partner
* Later sexual activity is related to: religious affiliation/involvement
What increases your liklyhood of being depressed?
- Young women 2x more likley
- Gay 3 x more likley
parent issues
heriditary
marginalized group etc.
Describing others
4-7
8-12
teen
4-7:describe a friend based on physical
characteristics and concrete details about the
friend’s preferences.
* 8-12: give a more detailed description involving emotions and relationships.
* By adolescence, descriptions of others
become more complex and nuanced
Until about 10 years old, children are more
likely to view others more p
Selman’s Theory of Perspective Taking
Undifferentiated: 3-6 years. Don’t differentiate well
between their perspectives and others’ perspectives
* Social-informational: 4-9 years. Children know that
people have different perspectives because they know
different information
* Self-reflective: 7-12 years. Children can mentally step
into others’ shoes
* Third person: 10-15 years. Can step outside of a
situation to see how a third person views them and
another person
* Societal: 14 years to adult. Realize that others’
perspectives are influenced by broader personal,
social, and cultural contexts
Prejudice of diff age groups
- 2-4: preference for own group emerges
- 5-7: preference strengthens and remains strong
- In Elementary school, children begin forming negative views of other groups.
- By 10 or 11, aware of broadly held racial stereotypes
- Adolcent prejudice increeses when exposed to othhers prejudice or on their search ffor idenity
What are 5 ways to reduce prejudice?
- Introducing children to diverse groups
- Making sure that all the children are equal in status
- Encouraging collaboration and harmony in the
group rather than competition - Helping children reflect on role-playing thought
problems relating to discrimination - Use seating plans in classrooms that incourage
group interactions
What is self control?
Self-control is the ability to control your behaviour and inhibit impuses
oSelf-control is the first step in moral development,
oImproves with age and brain development
